Effectiveness of an Oral Hygiene on Hearing Impaired Child

Effectiveness of an verbal Hygiene on audience Impaired ChildEffectiveness of an verbal hygiene teaching on the memorial tablet score among auditory modality impaired children- A cross-section(a) readAbstractAim To mensurate the effectiveness of an spontaneous hygiene command on the cheek lashings among hearing impaired children.Materials order A total of 56 institutionalized children with hearing dam come on in the historic period range 5-17 get on were selected for the study. oral examination hygiene status was assessed using TureskyGilmoreGlickman modification of the Quigley Hein Plaque Index (MQPI), dentition status along with DMFS were recorded. Oral hygiene raising along with the proper tooth copse technique was exhibit using a tooth model. Oral hygiene status was reassessed after 21 daytimes and the data obtained was analyzedStatistical analysisResults Conclusion accessOral wellness plays an important role in the over entirely health of children, and, in particular it is more important for children with special health need. Children atomic shape 18 prone to oral health problems when their oral hygiene maintenance is poor. dental consonant consonant consonant caries is the most prevalent and widespread disease seen in children and among the handicapped it is the greatest unattended health need1. Children with hearing impairment (CHI) seem to be one such group deficiencying adequate oral health awargonness to maintain their oral health owing to intercourse barriers2,3Hearing impairment (HI) forms major dispower affecting m each children world-wide. There are 23,000-25,000 children ( eond(a) 0-15 years) who are permanently desensitize or hard of hearing in UK4. According to field of study Sample Survey Organization in India, 0.4% of 1065.40 gazillion children are hearing impaired and every child in thou live births suffers from HI.5 Hearing impairment primarily influences communication, on which it can wear a devas tating effect6. As the degree of loss increases, psychological, emotional and tender disturbances planetaryly become more pronounced.6The extent of disturbance also depends on age of onset, training, and acceptance of disability6. Various factors contribute to the significant problems experienced by this population group in accessing health rush and in communicating with doctors such as lack of sign language and due to the lack of awareness training among health service staff and the shortage or absence of aids to communication7.People with disabilities deserve the same opportunities for oral health and hygiene as those who are healthy. Previous studies have found hearing impaired children have poorer oral hygiene than non-hearing impaired children8,9. Plaque and gingival indices in disabled children after a mechanical plaque agree were significantly different compared with those of non-disable children10. Although numerous plaque control orders have been proposed, tooth brush using a correct technique is effective in peremptory plaque is safe, easy to custom and cost effective.11With respect to the importance of assessing the oral health circumspection postulate among these special groups of population and lack of studies carried prohibited on this issue in the pertinent population, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral hygiene instruction on the plaque scores among hearing impaired children.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in National Residential School for Deaf, Bangalore , an institution for the deaf and dumb children which comprised of 56 children aged between 4-17years.Prior written consent was obtained from the civilize and also the intervention of the study devise was been explained. Ethical clearance was obtained fromA total of 56 children participated in the study which included both male and female. Children confront on the day of the examination were included. Those who were non w illing to participate or those unwell were excluded. widely distributed information about the respondents oral hygiene habits and frequence of dental visits were obtained using a questionnaire. incisional examination was performed using dental mirror and a probe in broad daylight in accordance with WHO guidelines12. Oral examination included number of teeth, presence of caries, restorations and number of extracted teeth and plaque score. Acquired data was entered in the dental records for each patient. For the sagacity of dental status, the DMFS (decayed, missing, filled) index was utilise and the TureskyGilmoreGlickman modification of the QuigleyHein plaque index (1970)13 was used to assess the plaque score. Plaque was assessed on the facial and lingual surfaces of whole the teeth. A plaque score per person was obtained by totaling all the plaque scores and dividing by the number of surfaces examined. A score of 0 to 5 was assigned to each facial and lingual non-restored surf ace of the tooth as shown in Fig 1. Scoring was as follows0 = no plaque/ debris1 = separate flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth.2 = a thin continuous band of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin of the tooth.3 = a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but coat less than one ternion of the flower of the tooth.4 = plaque covering at least one third but less than two thirds of the crown of the tooth.5 = plaque covering two thirds or more of the crown of the tooth. Figure 1.Tooth areas graded by the Turesky et al Modified Quigley Hein Plaque IndexFollowing sign examination, oral hygiene instructions regarding the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene, tuition of dental caries and the tooth brushing technique in the form of manual demonstration of tooth brushing on tooth models was given. The technique of tooth brushing demonstrated was parasitical on the age group of the child. Children jr. than 8 years, because of their limited manual address were being demonstrated with the horizontal scrub technique and those fourth-year than 8 years, modified bass technique was demonstrated. A tooth brush and toothpaste (Colgate,India-1000 ppm of utmost available fluoride) was given to all the participants to standardize the process. After 3 weeks, one time again plaque scores were recorded and statistically analyzed with service line scores.ResultsDiscussionThe AAPD defines special health bearing needs as any physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, or emotional impairment or limiting condition that requires medical checkup management, health care intervention, and/or use of specialized services or programs.14 Oral health is an inseparable part of general health and well-being. Individuals with SHCN whitethorn be at an increased risk for oral diseases throughout their lifetime.15 physiological disability such as hearing impairment can moderate in difficulties to reach an ideal health status of the teeth. Since ch ildren with hearing impairment are either dependent on their parents or care providers for their general and oral health care needs, it is the responsibility of the dental health care professional to design new and innovative ways to provide dental health education to these children.16 Education is one of the essential factor responsible for(p) for behavioral change in children. 17 Particularly, oral health education is the key to prevent oral diseases and it is always appropriate to educate school age children 18 and through them education can reach their families and corporation members as well.19To deliver quality health education, various approaches can be planned to have a cleanse communication as communication is a key factor in conveying dental health education to the children with hearing impairment.16 According to the childs development portray and motor skill oral hygiene instruction should be instructed. Variations in the ability of tooth brushing must be considered, especially with progenyer children. intensive individual training of each child is also essential to fulfil desired benefits of the technique.In the present study, the higher plaque score out front OHE confirm poor oral hygiene status in children with hearing impairment similar to earlier studies.3-5,20,21 Hence, the prime motive of this study was to cup appropriate oral health awareness in these children.After the initial examination, a sample of tooth brush and fluoridated tooth pastes were given to the children to motivate them toward active liaison in the program. Oral hygiene education talk was given to children to occupy them understand the importance proper oral hygiene procedures and the development of dental caries. With the help of the school teacher using the sign language, and according to the age wise proper brushing technique were being demonstrated. It was seen that almost all of the children showed a keen interest to learn the proper brushing technique. volume of the children in this study use the horizontal scrub technique and Fones technique. The use of the horizontal scrub technique has been inform as a method of choice in recent children in various studies because of the inability to leave other tooth brushing techniques.22-24 Tooth brushing skill and the required manual dexterity for tooth brushing are developed in children aged 8 years and above.25Mescher et al26 reported that children age 6 years and younger do not have the hand functions which are required for tooth brushing, and hence concluded that the sulcular brushing technique could be mastered by children 8 years and above. Kropfl27 reported that modified bass method to be significantly more sound than horizontal scrub method. Kremers et al28 and Zhang et al29 showed that Bass technique effectively removed interdental plaque when compared to other techniques.Age comparability between older and younger age groups shows differences in the maintenance of oral hygiene which is also seen in this present study. Chronological age is a reasonable predictor of tooth brushing ability and manual tooth brushing skills are acquired better after 4-5 years of age.30 In the present study, it was seen that there was a significant plaque reduction in high school children (12-16 years) compared with primary school children (5-7years) and middle school children (8-11 years) indicating better motivational and performance skills in the older age group children compared with younger ones. This can be said to be influenced by the greater cognitive ability and the manner of learning and initiation in older age groups.The results of this study showed that the OHE program was effective in improving their oral health status significantly and was equally successful in improving their oral health.Conclusion.BibliographyHennequin M, Faulks D, Roux D. Accuracy of estimation of dental treatment needs in special care patients. J cunt 200028131-136Stiefel DJ. alveolar care conside rations for disabled adults. spec Care injuryist 20022226S-39.Alsmark SS, Garca J, food marketnez MR, Lpez NE. How to improve communication with deaf children in the dental clinic. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 200712E576-81.Champion J, Holt R . Dental care for children and young people who have a hearing impairment. B r Dent J 2000189155-9.Jain M, Mathur A, Kumar S, Dagli R J, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Dentition status and treatment needs among children with impaired hearing attending a special school for the deaf and mute in Udaipur, India. J Oral Sci 200850161-5.Tunis W, Dixter C. dentistry and the hearing-impaired child. J Pedod 19793 321-334.Champion J, Holt R. Dental care for children and young people who have a hearing impairment. Br Dent J. 2000 Aug 12189(3)155-9.Barnett S, Franks P. Health care utilization and adults who are deaf relationship with age at onset of deafness. Health Serv Res 2002 37 105-20Oredugba FA, Sote EO. Oral hygiene status of handicapped children in Lagos. Niger J Gen Prac 2002 5 75-9.Reynolds WE, Blick BM. Evaluation the effectiveness of instruction in oral hygiene for mentally retarded boys. J Publ Health Dent 1974 34 8-12Arunakul M, Kuphasuk Y, Boonyathanasit R. Effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction media on periodontal health among hearing impaired children. Southeast Asiatic J Trop Med Public Health. 2012 Sep43(5)1297-303.WHO. Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods. quaternary Ed. Geneva gentlemans gentleman Health Organization 1997.Lobene RR, Weatherford T, Ross NM, Lamm RA, Menaker LA. A modified gingival index for use in clinical trails. Clin Prev Dent 19868(1)3-6.American honorary society of Pediatric Dentistry. Definition of special health care needs. Pediatr Dent 201234(special issue)16.Lewis CW. Dental care and children with special health care needs A population-based perspective. Acad Pediatr 20099(6)420-6.Shetty V, Kumar J, Hegde A. disruption the sound barrier oral health education for children with hearing im pairment. spec Care Dentist 34(3) 131-137, 2014Christensen GJ. Special oral hygiene and preventive care for special needs. J Am Dent Assoc 20051361141-3.Flanders R A. Effectiveness of dental health educational programs in schools. J Am Dent Assoc 1987114239-42.World Health Organization. Oral Health Promotion through Schools. WHO Information serial publication on School Health. Document 8. Geneva WHO 2003Brown JP, Schodel DR. A check of controlled surveys of dental disease in handicapped persons. ASDC J Dent C hild 197643313-20.Kumar S, Dagli R J, Mathur A, Jain M, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Oral hygiene status in relation to sociodemographic factors of children and adults who are hearing impaired, attending a special school. Spec C are Dentist 200828258-64.Kimmelman BB, Tassman GL. Research in design of childrens toothbrushes. J Dent Child 19602760.McClure DB. A comparison of toothbrushing technics for the preschool child. J Dent Child 19663320510.RuggGunn AJ, Macgregor ID. A surve y of toothbrushing behaviour in children and young adults. J Periodontal Res 1978133829.pika UM, Singhal P. Tooth brushing skills for the children aged 311 years. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 200921047.Mescher KD, Brine P, Biller I. Ability of elementary school children to perform sulcular toothbrushing as related to their hand function ability. Pediatr Dent 19802316.Kropf JL. clinical Evaluation of Magnifying Lighted Mirror and Unwaxed Dental Floss as Oral Hygiene Adjuncts. Masters Thesis, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, School Dentistry 1971. p. 124.Kremers L, Lampert F, Etzold C. comparative degree clinical studies on 2 toothbrushing methodsRoll and Bass technic. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1978335860.Zhang JH, Sha YQ, Cao CF. Comparative study of the effects of removing plaque by two toothbrushing methods. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 2005375424Unkel JH, Fenton SJ, Hobbs G Jr, Frere C L. T oothbrushing ability is related to age in children. ASDC J Dent C hild 199562346-8.

Nestles Corporate Structure And Social Responsibility Management Essay

come ons bodily Structure And Social Responsibility Management EssayHenri nose in Switzerland established nest in 1966. Its initial stage was originally make baby provender. After the Second World War, the government contracts dried up and consumers switched back to fresh milk(Gov Paper, 2012) .Therefore, through the Nestles managers quick response by blow operations, then based on their inexorable solicitude, underwent continuing exploration, it expended incessantly to be the biggest food manufacturers and one of the biggest transnational corporations in the world today. It has around 450 factories, 32 million staffs and operates in 86 countries, with the annual sales revenue arrive at up to 910 billion franc per year (Wikipedia, 2012). It is famous for chocolate bars and twinkling hot chocolate. Since the its beginning as a small firm, the company is well-known in almost every country in the world today. The successful management mode of Nestle is worth referencing for managers to control their own companies. This report depart outline the Nestles Corporate Structure and Social Responsibility.Corporate structureNestle, as the biggest food manufacturer and one of the biggest transnational corporations in the world, owns a strict management organizational structure, and has made strict rules in regards to production technology, brand, character reference control and primary(prenominal) raw materials (Carla, 2012). As Nestles corporate structure has frame more global, complex and hierarchical, the leaders who are the administrators of branch companies have rights to influence the final form for each production, based on the diametrical situations and demands of different countries. It means that the company non only should keep the method of deconcentrate management only also should pursue greater consistency. (Brabeck, 2011)2.1 senesce of DirectorsThe Board of Directors is the utter governing body of the company. It is responsible for the u ltimate supervision of the group. (Corporate brass section Report, 2011)Nestles board of directors consists of the Chairman ( cocksucker Brabeck-Letmathe), the CEO (Paul Bulcke), the two Vice Chairman and separate eleven members. All members of the Board of Directors are non-executive members, except Paul Bulcke,. Peter Brabeck-Letmathe is the active Chairman and has particular responsibilities for the orientation and control of the company including the Nestle Health Science Company and Nestles engagements. (Corporate political science Report, 2011)2.2 delegacys of the Board of DirectorsThe rights and responsibilities of every Committee are based on the current Committee Charter, which is authorized by the Board. Each Committee is qualified for outside affairs. (Corporate Governance Report, 2011)2.3 Chairmans and Corporate Governance CommitteeIt is made up of the Chairman, the two Vice Chairmen, the CEO and former(a) members elected by the Board, and acts as a role of consultant in the midst of the Chairman and the full Board of Directors in ramble to promote the discussion of the business when necessary.2.4 Compensation CommitteeIt determines the salaries of the members in the Board and submits them to the Board for approval, and supervises the net income for the whole company and the group.2.5 Nomination CommitteeIt establishes the criterions for the s preference to the Board and selects candidates for election or re-election to the Board. It also gives some suggestions to the decision made by the Board.2.6 canvas CommitteeIt gives assistance to the Board of Directors in its supervision on financial controls through a direct link to KPMG (external auditors) and the Nestle Group inspect (corporate internal auditors).2.7 Executive BoardThe Executive Board is in the go against of the CEO and its members have the necessary powers to carry out their responsibilities, with the limits ruled by the Executive Boards Regulations.2.8 DivisionsNestle has te rcet divisions as of 2012 Products, Functions and Zones. Among these, the Division of Functions includes four part Operations, Finance and Control, Strategic Business Units, Marketing and Sales and Innovation Technology. They fail together to control strictly key process and points, in order to ensure normal operation of the company.Therefore, Nestles corporate structure is essentially the layout of the Board, assorted divisions, and committees that interact to direct the business of the company, and the success of Nestle is an example relying on a successful corporate structure to some extent.Social rightNestle, as a worldwide company, plays a crucial role in the society shouldering the responsibility of social harmoniously development. Its social responsibilities are non only the charity but also the basic part of Nestle companys management principles.3.1 World Cocoa FoundationIn 2000, Nestle and separate chocolate companies formed the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF), which was set up specifically to help farmers to deal with problems they are facing, including the ineffective farming techniques and unfortunate environmental management. The WCF concerns about facilitating farmers income, encouraging sustainable development of farming techniques, and scene up environmental and social programmes (World Cocoa Foundation, 2012).3.2 Sustainable Agriculture portaNestle founded the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) with Danone and Unilever in 2002 to promote sustainable agriculture. The main purpose of SAI is to manage 1) Quality and safety problems in the food supply chain which is really refer to security of consumers.2)With the growing income and call for nutritious food, the demand for quality food is growing at the akin time (Peter, 2011).3.3 Creating shared out Value (CSV) The Cocoa conceptionCSV encourages businesses to create stinting and social value. In 2006, Nestle became one of the first organizations to adopt the CSV approach, which th ey take a firm stand was their original intention. The company has focused its Creating Shared Value efforts and investments on three areas nutrition, water and rural development, which are cores of their basic industrial principle (Creating Shared Value at Nestle, 2012). Their target is producing 1 million high quality, disease-resistant burnt umber plantlets a year before 2012. The aim is to replace old, less robust trees with wellnessier new ones (Blas, Javier. 2012). In September 2011, Nestle introduced The Cocoa Plan in the Netherlands to improve the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. (The Cocoa Plan, 2012) Better quality cocoa plants, train farmers, chain management, improved social circumstances and cooperation with partners are the main aims. KitKat is the first product in the Netherlands, which carries the logo of The Cocoa Plan on pack, that means Nestle will product with meeting KitKats demand and it has manifest by UTZ Certified (a certification program for agricultural products that claims to be the largest coffee certifier in the world) ( KitKat , 2011).3.4 Expending Business in Health Care bread and butterIn September 2010, Nestle claimed that they would invest more than $500millon to develop the health products to prevent the diseases like diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers (Saltmarsh, 2010).3.5 Member of Fair bear on Association (FLA)In 2011, the Nestle Company started cooperating with FLA to improve the condition of the work. On 29 February 2012, Nestle become the first food company to join the FLA (Join, 2012).ConclusionNestle is successful due to its perfect system, serious management, sensible distribution and correct guidance. Therefore, it can survive adversity, able to develop promptly and as a result, becomes a well-known enterprise. Nestle created a commercial miracle and made great contribution to the community. It gave much needed help for the mickle through charity and sponsorship (Sponsorship of Charit y Organizations, 2012). It makes people taste outstanding delicacy, which is not only has positive psychological effects on people but also physical benefiits. In addition, Nestles spirit affect generation after generation, its management at the same time is worthy for people to emulate. Because of these advantages, Nestle will increase in a variety of product and nevertheless satisfy peoples needs.

Party System and Dynamics in Tanzania

Party system and Dynamics in TanzaniaOver the course of history, political scientists receive attempted to create favorable legalitys that eject explain and predict how government functions. One of the most illustrious examples of this law is Duvergers justice. Duvergers impartiality proposes that FPTP (first-past-the-post) electoral system of ruless produce companionship systems in which two major imageies competitively vie for power. This hypothesis comes from the definition of winning employ in electoral systems. Since winning is defined as getting as many chooses as possible to gain a majority balloting (+50%), it is only natural that two major parties emerge (Riker 1982). How eer, flavor at the guinea pig of the African expanse, Tanzania, Duvergers legal philosophy is non clear relevant and the lines defining major parties become muddled. In short, the law does not guard in this specific case and should be discarded when examining Tanzanian political scie nce.To read the party system and dynamics in Tanzania, one must(prenominal) control closely at the circumstances concerning its inception. After gaining independence from the UK, Tanzania was ruled by a item-by-item party k todayn as TANU, after the party intimidated all other parties to extinction in 1963 (Ngasongwa, 1992). However, the 2nd chairwoman of Tanzania of the CCM Party, Ali Hassan Mwinyi, formed a commission known as the Nyalali Commission which amend the constitution in 1992 and allowed any political party to run for presidentship (Tambila 1995). This ushered a multi-party political system along with more varied competitor into the country.However, spirit superficially at election data from 1992 onwards, a single party, the CCM, dominates Tanzanian election canvass. Since 1992, the party wins the presidential and legislative elections with a lee path of more than 60%, even reaching almost 80% in the 2005 presidential elections. This means that 20% to 40% of the votes are dual-lane mingled with the lesser parties (Elections in Tanzania 2011). This considerable discrepancy puts a serious boundary on the application of Duvergers integrity on the country. There is virtually no other party competing with the CCM and one cannot help but wonder if Tanzania is late returning to a assert with an informal one party system.Duvergers Law fails to explain Tanzanias flow rate political party system for two reasonsTanzania is not a multi-party system, but instead is a single party system feigning democracy.Duvergers Law fails to account for the various political pressures and institutions that affect the way a country is run. It does not consider rot, pressures exerted by remote governments, conditional foreign aid, and postcolonial legacies that insidiously affect politics.Tanzanias dysfunctional party system becomes clearer when looking at the results of the 2005 presidential election where CCM faced the biggest threat to its power. Polling low er than ever before, they narrowly won the Tanzanian Presidential elections with 58.46% of the vote. In Zanzibar (an autonomous entity part of Tanzania), leader of the opposite party CUF announced that he won the vote over CCM. What followed was bizarre. The chairman of the Zanzibar Electoral Committee annulled the vote and in the pursuit election, the CCM won more than 90% of the votes along with most of the legislative seating offered. With limitations on opposing political parties and increasingly restrictive free saving (Tanzanian government threatened to suspend 30 news come inlets and closed another(prenominal) two), Tanzanian politics now carries an un representative atmosphere (Roop, Weghorst 2016).Two factors can explain this strange turn into an arguably un elective country. The opposition is clean and disorganized and the CCM is viewed as a benevolent political party by the citizens, thus weakening any resolve for reposition. Also, the opposition lacks the resourc es available to the CCM and the CCM has push-down store tactics to employ to suppress opposition. According to Hoffman and Robinson, The CCM employs three strategies to impede its competitors 1) regularisation political competition, the media, and civil society 2) blurring the boundary between the party and utter and 3) the targeted use of blatantly coercive illegal actions (2009). Such practices directly conflict with the characterization of Tanzania as a democratic state. Hoffman and Robinson corroborate this and argue that Tanzania is now a single party authoritarian regime.If Tanzania is not a democratic state and only has one party, then Duvergers Law is automatically out of the question. However, if CCM is really that authoritarian, why would it be the party responsible for turning Tanzania into a multi-party system? The answer to this question is also the answer to why Duvergers Law cannot be applicable in cases where there are many multifactorial political forces at pla y. In Samuel Huntingtons book, The Third Wave (1991), he argues for transplacement which is when a ruling party initiates a certain change and molds the rules to its benefit. This is arguably what CCM did.In another dimension, according to Nyirabu in a kindlier assessment, the CCMs top leaders power saw that democracy was sweeping the world and decided that Tanzania should also welcome it with circularize arms, since there would be no manoeuver in resisting global change (2002). Although a beautiful and open invitation, it is not that simple. Tanzanias foreign aid must be considered when looking at its turn into democracy. It is in this key point where Duvergers Law also fails. Tanzania was receiving more than 30% of the countrys GDP in foreign aid. The donors were pressuring the ruling party, CCM, to accept a democratic system that allowed multiple parties to exist in the political sphere (Hoffman, Robinson 2009). Thus, the meddling and pressure on CCM helped precondition the party nature present in Tanzania today by big(a) CCM the incentive it needed to create a political institution where it reigns supreme.Duvergers Law also fails because it does not consider the attitudes of the people of Tanzania. According to a 2008 Afrobarometer survey, 90% of respondents said they felt closest to the CCM party and 76% of respondents said if elections were to be held soon, they would vote for the CCM party. This complacence with authority has colonial roots. As argued by Schneider, Tanzanian political imagination is corrupted with colonial images where citizens constantly compare their current situation to their much-worse situation during colonialism. State elites and officials also construct a enatic and nationalistic image for themselves that makes citizens see themselves as wards of a loving state (2006). This recalling of colonial roots explains why CCM is the most popular party and how corruption of states goes unquestioned.Finally, Duvergers Law gives a un iquely Western perspective on politics that knows nothing of colonialism and ethnolinguistic divisions that occur during and after colonialism. To apply much(prenominal) a mixer law on a country that has been deeply affected by its colonialist past would be unwise. As argued by Mozaffar, Scarritt, and Galaich (2003) and van de Walle (2003), African democratic countries have deep ethnolinguistic challenges that cause party splintering per patronage, regardless of agenda or principles. Parties are divided according to history, clientelism and man-made institutions colonialist legacy imposes, such as race and favor, that can cause a huge shifting in public opinion, party systems and opposition formation. compoundism also leaves postcolonial countries in a dearth of political consciousness that is take aimd to form healthy oppositional groups. It leaves countries with none of the experience needed to sustain a free and democratic country that entertains freedom (Bernhard, Weghorst 2 014). Although these criteria are not directly applicable to Tanzania, they are authorised limitations to Duvergers Law and must be taken into account, nonetheless.While Duvergers Law is reusable in predicting political patterns, the theory fails to account for many important aspects in political parties development. This is seen especially in the case of Tanzania, where the Law is not clearly upheld. Duvergers Law speaks more closely to Western experiences where stable and long-living political climates pervade. Amending the law to fit Tanzania would require much introspective analysis of other political factors that shape the countrys party dynamics. Also, the law can only apply to countries that have a flourishing democratic system with oppositional parties and this is not the apparent case with Tanzania.ReferencesElections in Tanzania. Elections in Tanzania. N.p., March april 2011. Web. 24 Mar. 2017.Hoffman, Barak, and Lindsay Robinson. Tanzanias Missing Opposition. Journal o f nation 20.4 (2009) 123-36. Web.Huntington, Samuel P. The third wave democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman U of Oklahoma Press, 1993. Print.Mozaffar, Shaheen, James R. Scarritt, and Glen Galaich. Electoral Institutions, EthnopoliticalCleavages, and Party Systems in Africas emerging Democracies. American semipolitical Science canvass 97.03 (2003) 379-90. Web.Ngasongwa, Juma. Tanzania introduces a multiparty system. Review of African governmental Economy 19.54 (1992) 112-16. Web.Nyirabu, Mohabe. The Multiparty Reform Process in Tanzania The control of the RulingParty. African Journal of Political Science 7.2 (2002) 99-112. Web.Riker, William H. The Two-Party System and Duvergers Law An Essay on the History ofPolitical Science. The American Political Science Review 76.4 (1982) 753-66. Web.Roop, Sterling, and Keith Weghorst. The 2015 National Elections in Tanzania. Electoral Studies 43 (2016) 190-94. Web.Schneider, Leander. compound Legacies and Postcolonial Autho ritarianism in TanzaniaConnects and Disconnects. African Studies Review 49.01 (2006) 93-118. Web.Tambila, K. I. The Transition to Multiparty Democracy in Tanzania Some History and MissedOpportunities. Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 28.4 (1995) 468-88.Web.Walle, Nicolas Van De. Presidentialism and clientelism in Africas emerging party systems.The Journal of newfangled African Studies 41.2 (2003) 297-321. Web.Weghorst, Keith R., and Michael Bernhard. From Formlessness to Structure? TheInstitutionalization of Competitive Party Systems in Africa. Comparative Political Studies 47.12 (2014) 1707-737. Web.OutlineIntroductionBrief introduction to social laws and hypothesesInsert Duvergers Law definition from paper handoutBriefly explain the law in detailReference Rikers analyses regarding majority vote and FPTP systems.If winning is defined as the most votes, that is, as a plurality, then one might reasonably expect a two-party system owing to the necessity under this definition of maximiz- ing votes. (Riker, 1982) signify case study TanzaniaThesis Duvergers law doesnt give way in the case of TanzaniaBody1st disseverExplaining Tanzanian alteration to multi-partism.Mention eighth Constitution amendmentExplain historical context regarding Tanzanian political history.Ngasongwas 1992 paper on TANUs hold on TanzaniaTambilas 1995 paper on hopeful Tanzanian transition to actual democracy.2nd divideMention election data from 1992 Mention discrepancy with data and that CCM dominates the election polls3rd paragraphwhy Duvergers Law failsTanzania is not democratic and is a single party stateDuvergers law is for the most part Eurocentric and does not take into account the various challenges non-Western countries go through4th paragraphExplain first failure of Duvergers Law with failed Zanzibar elections and restricting free speech5th paragraphFactors that cause thisCCM viewed as saviorWeak, disorganized opposition with zero resourcesExplain opposition al lack of resources and CCMs abundant wealth.Hoffman and Robinsons paper6th paragraphExplain how CCM could both be the original usher of democracy and an oppressorTransplacement fantasy7th paragraphForeign aids effect on transplacementWhy CCM transitioned to democratic state (to continue foreign aid receival and ensure power)8th paragraphAttitudes of people towards CCMColonial images haunting peoples outlookSchneiders paper agnate image of officialsHow this affects CCMs rise of power and continuous consolidation of it9th paragraphColonial effects on oppositional formationNo knowledge of how to run democratic stateDeep fissures in societyDeep ethnolinguistic problemsOpposition divided based on bloodlinesMention Mozaffer and Bernhard papers referencing this dilemmaDuvergers Law=largely EurocentricConclusionDuvergers Law not applicable to Tanzania for above reasonsAmendment would require in depth work

Analyse And Discuss Strategic Issues In Unilever Food Marketing Essay

Analyse And Discuss strategical Issues In Unilever pabulum Marketing EssayIntroductionBecause the market in which the world of business operates is highly dynamic, it is essential for a company perform in this intentness to understand its background and structure in put together to turn out a business strategy.This essay focuses on strategic issues in angiotensin converting enzyme of the nourishments business giants, Unilever Food Division and based on the Porters quintuplet forces of emulation framework, the aim exit be to analyse the strategic perspective of Unilever food stratum.Porters Five Forces of Competition FrameworkIn post to postulate with the competition, it is necessary to understand the rivals and the industry in which the company performs. In admission to the knowledge about competitors, the knowledge about suppliers, customers, potential entrants and reticence mathematical point of intersections has a major role in developing strategic issues in a company. (Porter, 2006, 2008)In order to analyze and comprehend Unilever Food Divisions strategy, the five forces of competition framework is chosen since it recognizes the main influences in industry.(Porter, 2008, p.80)Rivalry among existing competitorsUnilever Food Division has numerous competitors -transnational companies much(prenominal) as Nestl, Kraft Foods or impair Food which are gener everyy equal in size. All these companies prolong a wide range of products to a customer, which leads to an intensive rivalry. The Unilever products are separate into strategic groups edible fats, ice-cream, beverages, meals and meal components. (Maljers, 1992, p.47) These are represented by scars such as Flora, The Heartbrand, Lipton, Bertolli and Knorr, respectively. (Unilever, 2010) Although Unilever Food Division owns such premium brands, the products of its competitors are in most topics nearly identical, e.g. Maggi, aNestl solutions brand (Nestl, 2010) or Mars Foods Uncle Bens br and providing ready meals (Mars, 2009). Moreover, for the food products are perishable, there is a relatively pressing need to sell them before their value is lost.Rivalry among existing competitors takes many an separate(prenominal) familiar forms, including price discounting, new product introductions, advertising campaigns, and service improvements. (Porter, 2006, 2008)It sack up be hence concluded that the competition from established rivals does play a large role and is worth considering while developing a strategy.The talk terms antecedent of buyersThe buyers play a vital role in the industry by forcing prices down, demanding better quality or more service (thereby brainish up costs), and generally playing industry participants off against one another. (Porter, 2006, 2008)With regards to all the Unilevers competitors, a customer has a wide range of products to engage from. It is to be acknowledged that although one customer might stay incorruptible to one particular p roduct or brand, the buyers costs of switching from one product to another is not high. This is, however, relative since for Unilever supplies with food retailers such as Tescos or Carrefour, such distri plainlyors risk losing their customers (thus decrease in profits) by not providing Unilever food products.In many cases, the importance of the buyers price sensitivity needs to be emphasized. Given that a consumer is offered two similar products of the same quality but different prices, there is a higher possibility that the cheaper product forget be chosen. Even though one might stay loyal to the brand, the other net incline to try a rival product.The power of buyers is therefore of high importance.The dicker power of suppliersSuppliers depose exert bargaining power on participants in an industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services. (Porter, 2006, 2008)Even though every company is certified on its suppliers, it can be stated that in terms o f food ware there is a wide range of raw materials providers that Unilever can choose from. In this case, Unilever becomes the buyer. Hence, it is suggested that Unilever has a wide range of switch overs at electric pig and a strong bargaining power.Moreover, what Unilever might need in order to perform is office and technical equipment, means of transportation and spaces for production. As antecedently discussed, Unilever in the position of a large customer can choose and negotiate prices.The emphasis should be instead put on churn suppliers since the workforces in warehouses play a vital role in production processes. Having understanding of the scope of the employment can avoid many complications. other workforces also play a vital role. In order to develop new tasteful and healthy options of solutions, cooks and specialists are needed. Unilever, in term of its Foodsolutions division trains its people, thus ensuring development of its employees knowledge. (Unilever Foodsoluti ons, 2010)It is suggested that the bargaining power of the suppliers shapes the strategy only to few extent, given that the price of suppliers drives the price of products as well. However, for Unilever has many substitutes for use, in this case the prices are not driven significantly.Threat of substitutesAs stated, a substitute performs the same or similar function as an industry product by a different means.1(Porter, 2006, 2008)In case of Unilever Foods, one of the doable substitutes would be a homemade product. The customers might use alternates due to unhomogeneous reasons due to the belief that the costs of e.g. preparing a homemade alimentary paste sauce will be lower than actually buying a Bertolli pasta sauce. (Unilever, 2010) Other buyers might switch to this alternative in order to racy healthier. Nevertheless, homemade products do not signify a huge competition to the food giant Unilever.Recently, there is an increasing trend of eating out. apply services can also be considered to be a substitute to purchasing food. The foodservice division of Unilever Unilever Foodsolutions, therefore co-operates with restaurants and caterers, by providing them with its brands and products. In doing so, Unilever benefits from peoples using services.It can be thus concluded that the holy terror of substitutes to Unilever Foods is not high.Threat of gateNew entrants to an industry bring new capacity and a impulse to gain market share that puts pressure on prices, costs, and the rate of enthronization necessary to compete. (Porter, 2006, 2008)The threat of entry in food industry is, however, low. As already mentioned, Unilever is one of the leading companies in food business. It already competes with other food giants (Nestl, Kraft Foods or Mars Foods). Due to positions of the mentioned companies, it would be backbreaking for new companies to enter the market. Relatively high barriers to entry will gravel to be overcome in order to success. Besides restric tive political sympathies policies and the need of large financial resources or diversification of products, there will be also lack of tradition, experience and advantages that incumbents already possess.The competition from entrants is thus relatively insignificant.ConclusionWhilst not underestimating the threat of new entrants, the power of suppliers and the threat of substitute products or services, it can be concluded though that principally the power of buyers and the rivalry among existing competitors shape the strategy of Unilever Food Division.

Effect of Migration on Development of Northern Ghana

Effect of Migration on Develop handst of northerly gold coastMigration has been an age-long employ handst which has been going on in different forms and continues to be a critical component of individual and societal developing through acquisition and transferral of know directge and resources. Migration is a global phenomenon which continues to dominate the scenes around the universe of discourse, while around form of migration is been promoted for economic reasons, otherwise forms face strict restrictions. Migratory try within and beyond portional boundaries crossways has been produced through globalisation and advancement in modern technology (Koser, K 2008).In gold coast migration is a common activity through unwrap all the partings, tribes and family with al about e actually(prenominal) single family having either an international migrator or internal migrant.This stamp reflects in the Northern region of Ghana in a very alarming manner with m whatever new-fa ngled and able bodies migrating to prominent cities in much(prenominal) of improved sustenance.Background of the study argona.Northern region of Ghana lies in the midst of the two upper regions and the Brong Ahafo region and Volta region. It has Ta manlike as the regional chapiter with eighteen districts assemblies. The region is characterized by one rainy gentle with an annual rainfall of virtually 750 to 1050mm. The rainy season starts around May through to October and the dry season from November to April. The climatic conditions and vegetation type ar classified ad under dry savanna, the regions environmental conditions are highly influenced by its propinquity to the Sahara desert which account for the poor soil type dry survive condition.The economic activity which is predominant in the region is Agriculture it employs to the highest degree eighty percent of the commonwealth in the region. With one briny estate season, as agriculture in Ghana largely depends on rai nfall patterns, the region relies on its rain season for cultivation. The main crops grown in the region such as maize, millet, cowpeas, groundnut, sorghum, cassava, rice and yam are civilized on subsistence bases. They mostly make use of jade intensive methods of earth with the simpleton farm tools and implement.The region has been behind its secondern peers in terms of exploitation for far too long. It is also viewed deprived with limited natural resources to furnish its exploitation process. The south can boast of coastal resource, good soil, with abounding mineral and forest resources that accounts for the attractiveness to colonial masters accordingly and investors now. thus developments in modern infrastructure and economic activities thrust been centrally cerebrate in the south which whitethorn be attri howevered to the frequent out migration from the Northern region to no other finis but to the southThe region has historically been faced with out migration, si nce the pre-colonial era. From the colonial era the north served as labour pool where the needed labour storm were fished out to function the highly labour demanding south, in the mining and the cocoa industry. Males dominated migration accordingly due to the physical demands of the job on the mines and farmers were mostly unskilled. Females were not of substance in terms numbers, those who migrated were mostly accompanying spouses or those migrating to reunite with spouses. minimum womanish out migration from the north can also be attributed to the sociable-cultural agents such as marriage and family served as barrier in the past to pistillate movement life was viewed to be mostly around family and marriage. Males were regarded as bushel bread winners of the family and females or women as dependents.However, recent trend of out migration bespeak more of younger females unlike in the past were female migration was unremarkably for the purpose family reunion it has been dom inated by independently migrated young females. The female numbers from the north has been increasing dramatically and has taken centre stage of recent research into internal migration. Both males and females move to the cities, mostly without any special skills and overwork menial jobs as head porters, the males use quartette wheeled trucks in their work (Hashim, 2007).PROBLEM STATEMENTInternal migration in Ghana has become a means of harmonizing ethnic balances through interaction, join forces work and inter-marriages. Migration from regions and districts seen as naturally, economically and socially deprived or insufficient in terms of economic activities and basic social amenities to other regions and cities perceived as economically and socially endowed continues all division round in Ghana. Although these forms of movement to other highly rated regions to seek groping bright future cut across all regions in Ghana, but anyone may come to conclude that the northern region s eems to have a very significant rate of migration ( Boakye-Yiadom and MacKay, 2007). The Northern region of Ghana has seen a massive exodus of youth into other regions for various reasons over the years. In recent years a new trend that has emerged involve young males and females who migrate to the cities of Accra and Kumasi in particular. Notable among these migrants are females who work as head porters. These females face umteen challenges daily, exploited and live in ugly conditions on the streets and slums of Accra and Kumasi. Their male counterparts are not exception as they face similar stake.This case study seeks to examinei. the various propel factors behind this migration trend.ii. the short and long-term effects migration on Northern Ghanas development.lit ReviewMigration and developmentDevelopment is wide and dynamic concept with different views and assumptions. The concept has been variously defined based on the discourse. Development is seen to be a process aimed a t achieving specific targeted goals (Kingsbury, D. et al. 2004).It can be explained as a progressive socioeconomic process for empowering the poor to improve their livelihood(Sen, 1988). It is seen as a process which runs parallel to growth or improved situation livelihood.MigrationMigration is defined broadly as a permanent or short change of residence.No restriction is placed upon the distance of the move or upon the voluntary or involuntary constitution of the act, and no distinction is do in the midst of external and internal migration.(Lee E.S, 1966)Gender and migrationGender represents socially constructed male and feminine while sex is the biological determined categories of male and female. It then explains that ones sex is determined at conception but an individual sex identity develops over a life course and can hesitate across a wide continuum of masculine and feminine characteristics. Nicholson (1995 in McDo rise up 199913), the differences between the two terms s ex and gender sex is the biological differences between a man and a woman and gender describes the socially constructed characteristics of men and women. It is further explained that gender is the social organisation of versed difference. It then follows that gender is the knowledge that establishes meaning for bodily differences.According to Moore (1988 in McDowell 19997) in analyzing what is to be -a woman and the cultural attending of the category, -woman vary through space and clock and how those understandings relate to the bunk of women in different societies. To understand this we need to understand the concept of gender and gender relations that is -the different ways in which women and men and the accepted attributes of femininity and masculinity which are defined across space and sentence (ibid). She argues that gender is then seen from two perspectives either as a symbolic construction or as a social relationship.Gender as a social relation and gender as a symbolic meaning are interconnected and mutually constitute (McDowell 19997). We all act in relation to our intentions and beliefs which are always culturally shaped and historically and spatially positioned. The appropriate behaviour and actions by women and men reflect and affect what they imagine a man or a woman to be, as well as women and men who are tell apart with age, class, race or sexuality, and these expected behaviour and beliefs change over time and between places (ibid). Gender eccentric constraints is underpinned by the social expectation that womens main activities should be close to family care and plate maintenance and the assumption that women bequeath interrupt their working lives to care for children and antique sexual intercourses (Tivers 1977 in Jenkins 20058). How has these gender voice constraints affected married women with children who have left the home to migrate to a new environment to work in the informal economy to set up for the household.The Gender and Migration LinkagePrior to the mid 1980s, migration was regarded as a male phenomenon (Sjaastad, 1962 Lee, 1969 Todaro, 1977 Lipton, 1980). Authors such as Stouffer (1976) and Oberai, (1983) assert that until most recently, the physical movement of the great unwashed from one place to another for physical exertion was predominantly undertaken by men. The Todaro (1969) and Harris-Todaro (1970) models, which are some of the earliest models of migration, also emphasize that internal migration occurs in a dual economy, in which the urban sector draws male labour force from the agribusiness(a) sector. Meanwhile, other aspects of rural-urban linkages such as the gendered traditional division of labour and farm and non-farm employment have often been overlooked (Roca, 1994102).Migration was being seen by some researchers and scholars as gender-neutral because it deals with the process of movement of persons (Anarfi, 1982 Sabot, 1988).13 Meanwhile, migration is actually gender-struct ured because men and women migrate for different reasons, use different channels and most importantly, migration has different consequences for men and women in twain imparting and receiving communities (Chant Radcliffe, 1992 Silberschmidt, 1999 Potts, 2000). For those leaving, internal migration can result in either empowerment or, on the contrary, cast upd vulnerability and even exploitation (FAO/UNFPA, 199123). Likewise, for those remaining, the departure of men and/or women from the household go away have a specific influence depending on the migrants spot and role within the household prior to migrating, such as being main wage earner, spouse, elevate or young daughter or son (Fadoyomi, 1980).For a rural farming household, in particular, the consequences of migration depends on the socio-cultural and economic context, gender and age of migrant, position of migrant within the household, the agro-ecological environment, the type of migratory movement, whether it is tempor ary or permanent, and the employment possibilities and self-sufficiency of migrant, and the ability to send adequate remittances to maintain the direct of farming prior to migration (Andersson, 200278-79). One of the major implications of rural-urban migration is that it is the most able-bodied, relatively young and educate persons that migrate from rural to urban surface playing fields. This process, therefore, leaves behind rural communities composed of women, children, the elderly and uneducated, who are faced with the tremendous challenge of sustaining their household livelihood and the rural economy effectively (Findlay Williams, 199065 Anh, 200379). 14The predominantly male transportation from rural areas may also bring about changes in the agricultural gender division of labour, as the migration process will invariably increase womens workload on the farm, thereby resulting in the feminization ofagriculture (FAO, 1995 Deshingkar Start, 200399).15 The exile of menDiscu ssionInternal migration within Ghana from north to the south has had a long history. Although all forms of migration takes place for specific reasons based on the experience of people from their places origin. There has been several debate on reasons the northern region is lagging behind in development, some attribute it governments neglect, contravene and unwillingness of investors to establish in the northern. All but one involvement is has to be looked into critically is migration. The impacts of out migration from the northern region on both young males and females migrant as well as the northern region may reflect in the long term.For any region or place to develop, it will depend on how efficient the resources available to the area will be utilized. It may involve the assessment of disparities or minding the portas in development between the sending and receiving areas of migrants. Gaps in preceptal level among the regions will likely determine the sector of the economy tha t could absorb the migrant. Poverty level in the north influence the trend of migration to other cities as has been estimated to have over two thirds of the population living below the poverty line. dissimilar reasons that establish relationship between North- south migration and development in the northern region or the northern sector and the southern sector of Ghana, points to the development policy and plan during the colonial era.Although migration of migration is not only a job with the northern region but most parts of the country, both males and females migrate internally and internationally.Out-Migration in other southern regions mostly differs in patterns and benefits. The north-south trend is characterize by young males and females ranging from ages thirteen and above to about 45 year. Between ages 13-25 form the core of the migrant, who are either school day drop-out or without any special trade. Over ninety percent are engaged as head porters (Kayayoo) or truck pusher s. Their job involves draw goods from the market that has been purchased by patrons to their preferred destination around the market area. Income from their activities is so minimal to even fully expect them to maintain good banal of living.This forces some of the female migrant to resort to prostitution to again purposeless more income in order to survive. The males sometime join gangs to legion(predicate) migrant females are relegated to prostitution in destination areas because oftheir deprivation of employable skills or due to gender discriminations of employment.Some have had to offer sex in exchange for jobs, food, shelter and protection, leaving themprone to sexually transmitted diseases. many a(prenominal) young females who migrate from the Northernand Upper regions of Ghana to the capital Accra, to work as head porters (Kayayei) live on thestreets. They are exposed to the vagaries of the weather condition and face constant risks of sexual assault,theft of their meage r earnings and rape. Many are forced into prostitution as a means of natural selection(Apt, 1998). Besides the combination of low wages and the need to save and send home asmuch money as possible leaves relegates many female migrants to a low quality of life wheretheir own in the flesh(predicate) needs and health may be neglected. It is estimated that about 45-55% ofrefugee populations across the world are women. Many of these women refugees are exposedto gender based sexual violence. They are victims of rape, forced impregnation and abortions,sexual slavery and intentional spreading of STIs including HIV/AIDS (UNFPA, 2004Motivations for migrationA research by Ghana statistical service estimated that about 80% of the combined Northern Ghana population are living in poverty (Ghana Statistical Service, 2007). Therefore the appraisal to migrate by a family member is relief to the family. Moreover, the declining soil fertility, deficiency of access to arable agricultural land and t he single farming season has also been a contributory factor. Again the peasant nature of farming means low dispensable income for families.The Increasing economic and infrastructure gap between the north and the south, increasing economic activities in the receiving cities is seen a factor for both male and female migration from the Northern region. Resource deficit and lack of income generation activities to support themselves and their relatives has partly influenced the migration (Anarfi and Kwankye, 2005). Movement from the north to the south to principally cities of Accra and Kumasi may be due to the fact they have comprehend of these as the surest place to make it in life. The urge to diversify livelihood options as the region has fewer opportunities to offer the regard migration as an resource source of livelihood. (Anarfi and Kwankye, 2005).Network of friends and relative, serve to link friends and relatives with jobs and assist them with all the nurture needed to estab lish them in the new location.Intermittent ethnic conflicts in the Northern region have forced people to migrate out of northern region to the south where the peace prevails with improved infrastructure for instants in 1994 the Kokomba conflict causes of people to move south wards. Those who migrated were mostly women and children when men were actively engaged in the conflict.Impacts of migrationRemittances from migrant serves as an alternative source of income to families of migrant (Quartey,2006). Unlike international migrants, whose remittance form the bulk of family source of income and may also go into investment in business, housing project to call forth but a few, remittances from internal migrants are usually for domestic support of parent healthcare, daily upkeep or childcare. The transfer channels use for transferring monies to family are usually informal through networks again, when a friend or relative is returning home.Migration changes hands in gender roles with trad itional role of women in childcare where women with children leave them in the care of men, parents or relative (Oppong, 1997). Most often the children lack proper upbringing and care when the bewilder or both parent have migrated out. This usually affects child education and may be neglected when the parent fail to send in money to support the family (Parrenas, 2001)Migration may lead to lose of vibrant copious labour force that families and communities need most for production in the agricultural, swap and other labour intensive jobs. Thus lose of youthful section to development. (Awumbila ArdayfioSchandorf , 2008)Challenges of migrationMigrants to the cities of Accra and Kumasi face lots of challenges but females are the most insecureworld only a minority of women are granted refugee status (UNFPA, 2004). This is becausegender related causes of persecution are rarely accepted as sound grounds for refugee status. Alsowomen usually lack the literacy or educational poking to complete the usually bureaucraticapplication process. (Caritas Europa, 2007). The participation of females in migration has led toMigration in Ghana Thematic Paper 2009 22the development of a labour niche for females ( domestic work, childcare etc) characterized bylow wages, foul labor practices and exploitation and exclusion of females form certain kinds ofwork-often of the formal nature (Oppong, 1997).Poor Quality of LifeMigrants, especially females tend to be the most vulnerable and they face many challenges andtend to live under deprived conditions often times without access to social services in destinationcommunities.ConclusionBased on gender analysis and differences as well as diversity in family and economic status of males and females migrate may have similar motivation for migration but may have difference in the experiences.The region is losing valuable ingredient that needs to be restructured to enhance the development process in the Northern region. New interventions in the area of capacity building for the youth to improve the quality of life in the region needs be on the plan, and well executed. Educational campaigns on challenges migrants go through and the need to will help in the development process of the region may help reduce or understructure the trend in the bud.Credit accessibility and at an affordable involvement to assist farmer and others in private ventures could maintain the population flow. meliorate infrastructure, terms of health facilities, roads, schools, potable water will help dyad the gaps in development that attracts the youth.Therefore the region may develop other gender related programs to help the youth and the region as a whole

Comparing and Contrasting Dickinson’s Poems, Because I Could Not Stop f

Comparing and Contrasting Dickinsons Poems, Because I Could not better for goal and I Heard a Fly Buzz - When I DiedEmily Elizabeth Dickinson was born(p) on 10th December, 1830, in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts. As a early child, she showed a bright intelligence, and was able to create many an(prenominal) recognizable writings. umpteen close friends and relatives in Emilys life were taken away from her by death. Living a life of simplicity and aloofness, she wrote poetry of great place questioning the nature of immortality and death. Although her discipline was influenced by great poets of the time, she published many strong poems herself. Two of Emily Dickinsons famous poems, Because I Could Not cut off for destruction and I Heard a Fly Buzz- When I Died, argon some(prenominal) about lifes one few certainties, death, and that is where the similarities end.Although both poems were written by the same poet around the same time, their idea of what lies aft(prenominal) death differs. In one of the poems, there appears to be an afterlife, while in the other poem, there is nothing. For example, in her work of, Because I Could Not Stop for Death, Dickinson tells the reviewer a tale of a woman macrocosm taken away by Death. The Death would either take the women to sine or heaven, giving us our first indication of an afterlife. Also in the fifth stanza, Death and the woman make a stop forwards a house where they see The Roof was scarcely visible The pelmet in the Ground- the woman is lying in the soil beneath, where her Soul and pot likker are looking towards the house, representing an afterlife. As the poem proceeds to the sixth stanza, the reader is given a conclusive evidence of the afterlife when the woman revives how it has been centuries since the death has come to visit... ...ritings. For example, in her work of Because I Could Not Stop for Death, Dickinson used personification to resemble Death as a person. Also, in her poem of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died, she uses the Windows (423) as eyes when the woman dies. Although Emily Dickinson was a private person end-to-end her life, some critics gave a negative view to her work. For example, the work of Because I Could Not Stop for Death is dissenting toward the nineteenth century woman. Critics imply that this work of Dickinson had a negative influence on marriage and independent women. They swear the proper place for a woman was beside her husband, but a husbandless woman, consort to Dickinson, was uncertain of herself. Although the independent woman has a life, she is literally speaking done a grave. She has been deceived, driven to her death, and has been abandoned.

Death of Salesman :: essays research papers

Willys opinion of Success is MisguidedWilly Loman, the main character in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, is idealistic, stubborn and has a false sense of importance. He exhibits skewed perceptions of society that have a negative impact on him and his family. Willy deals that his philosophy of support is one that lead guarantee himself and his family a life of wealth and success. Willy cannot achieve this success because his perceptions and methods to obtain it ar wrong. Willy thinks that a erupt of a persons success is measured by how wellhead care and how many fri culminations an individual has. This is illustrated when Willy says Its who you know and the smile on your face ... and thats the wonder, the wonder of this country, that a man can end with diamonds here on the basis of be want (Miller 86). The context of this paraphrase makes it seem that this is applicable to anyone who believes Willys philosophy that being well liked is in direct proportion to success. W illy believes that it is the Loman family that is guaranteed success because they are well liked and have grand personalities. Willy believes that he will be more no-hit than his neighbor Charley because he has a better personality and is liked by others more hence Charley. Willy says, Bigger then Uncle Charley Because Charley is not-liked. Hes liked, and hes notwell liked (30). Willy and his family know that Charley is a good businessman and earns a good living. The Lomans will never believe he is successful because he lacks the ability to be well liked, which is the trace that is imperative for Willys definition of success. Willy equates success with being well liked, and by saying that Charley is liked, but not well liked is the same as saying Charley is successful, but not very successful. It is this belief that by being well liked, Willy has an advantage over all others. Willy tells his sons, Be liked and you will never want (33). This quote exhibits his philosophy of how success and being well-liked are one in the same. That by being well liked, doors of opportunities leading to great success will open.Willy feels that personality and presentation are the most big aspect of creating opportunity for yourself. Willy advocates that how one presents oneself is more important to success then doing ones job well and presenting oneself poorly.

Essay --

Proteins control all biological systems in a carrel. Some proteins be adequate to perform their tasks independently while many an(prenominal) early(a) proteins within a cell interact with other proteins to manoeuvre properly. Protein interactions within a cell regulate cell behavior at a systems level. Thus, elucidating the structure and dynamics of protein interaction networks in vivo is a profound goal in biology. The identification of the protein interaction networks (PINs) inside a cell is crucial to reasonableness the fundamental questions about how a cell is able to organize matter, information and energy transformations to preform specific functions at a biochemical level. The discovery of novel protein-protein interactions and determining how these proteins function in a network is fundamental to understanding biological systems. This new way of poring over biological systems is called interactomics. While several genomes of unalike species have been sequence d, many proteins that atomic number 18 encoded in the genome have yet to have their function or relevance determined. Although there is an increasing importance to social occasion out protein interaction networks, the developed detection of protein-protein interactions is complicated. Proteins have various charges and numerous secondary and tertiary structures they idler fold into. Also, there are countless parameters that can change their interactions with other proteins in the cell. Furthermore, many protein-protein interactions can be transient, in that they only are short lived or require specific condition to facilitate their interaction with other proteins. Several Methods have been used to study protein-protein interactions. However, one rarely addressed question is whether protein-protein interactio... ... broad overview of the structural and functional networks within a living cell. However, there are plenty more areas of the interactome that can be explored, such as the dynamics of the interactions as well as how different growth condition affect protein interaction networks. Also, a wide miscellany of different reporter genes can be used to study impermanent and spatial interactions over a comprehensive range of time periods as well as other distresses. Furthermore, since the PCA can provide a file name extension for spatial dynamics of different protein-complex topologies since it is able to generate a map at 8nm resolution. The integration of the results found using the PCA technique with gene pattern dynamics and protein modification can lead to a better understanding about how cellular processes are organized at a molecular and structural level within a living cell.

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rushs young Kelroy Rebecca Rushs novel Kelroy is an exceptional novel on worldly concernnerisms in the nineteenth century. Mrs. Hammond is the call character in this novel. The plot and characters all seam to inner touch with her. In this novel, Mrs. Hammond is seen as an evil, conniving woman. There are many twists and turns in this novel, but there is one thing that is constant, and that is that Mrs. Hammond motives are to take compassionate of herself and secure her own future, and according to her it doesnt matter how she doses this or who she uses to her benefit. The novel begins with Mrs. Hammond arduous to figure out how she couldtake foreboding of her two daughters and live the lifestyle that she has suit accustomed, when she is left widowed, with little money. And figure it out she did. She came up with a small plan on how to exactly go about doing this. The key was to bond her daughters off to wealthy men so they wo uld be taken care of and, most important, so would she. The plan was for her to educate her daughters and keep them in solitude until they were of the age to marry. She alone had a little bit of time to pass her goals before her money ran out. When they were old enough, she through the biggest and best parties. Her plan lined to work out well because it didnt take long for Lucy to become tenanted to Lord Walsingham. According to Mrs. Hammond this was a perfect match. He was a handsome, gamy man from a good British family. Now with the fate of Lucy solved, Mrs. Hammond only had to focus on Emily. As a reader reading this carry you would call in this would be no problem. Emily was the prettier than her sister, and sweeter too. She was not only beautiful she was smart, although she tended to think with her heart instead of her head. Instead of the beautiful, youngest, well know Hammond girl locomote in love, or becoming engaged to a wealthy man that Mrs.

American Oil Dependence Essay -- Economy Economics Oil Essays

American Oil Dependence Since the oil embargo of 1977, there has been an increase awareness of our nations button security. As world(a) population and energy ingestion rise, the need for a stable energy supply has become a hot topic and a politically volatile issue. As our minus trade balance grows larger by the day, the United States finds itself in a rather precarious position. We are becoming more and more dependant on Middle East oil. Indeed, the U.S. Department of cypher (DOE) predicts that domestic rock oil consumption will increase to 60 Btu by the year 2025. This statistic, in and of itself, is a matter of concern with respect to the greenhouse gas emissions that force from petroleum combustion. However, perhaps more disconcerting is the fact that U.S. oil end product peaked in 1970 and has continued to fall since then (Campbell et. al., 1998). Therefore, the American open has turned to foreign oil, in particular Middle Eastern oil, to supplementation its inc rease in demand. In an age where terrorism is at the point of peoples minds, we still continue to import oil from the same nations that supposedly hold up so-called terrorist groups. The fact is that we are unwilling to responsibly face our energy future and instead choose to maintain a policy of change magnitude oil supply through importation. One of the main problems with this strategy is that it is a short-term remedy. Studies conducted by M. King Hubbert in 1956 predicted the rise, peak, and subsequent decline of global oil production. He predicted that global oil production would rise until more or less 2002 and then start declining (Campbell et. al., 1998). If one takes the oil embargo of 1977 into account, effectively diminish the rate... ...to a fuel that, upon exhaustion, will mark our retreat from the global stinting spotlight. Works CitedCampbell, Colin J., Laherrere, Jean H. The End Of Cheap Oil. Scientific American Mar. 1998 78-83.Flo, Gary. chaffer on F ossil Fuel Consumption. 8 Sep. 2003N.A. environmental Advocates Statistics In Hand. 2003 www.geocities.com/rainforest/Canopy/2743Assoc. Press. U.S. Auto Sales Hit 2003 High In July. ground forces Today 1 Aug. 2003 www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2003-07-31-autosales_x.htmMills, Mark. 25 Years After OPECs Embargo. Environmental News Jan. 1999 www.heartland.orgN.A. www.skyaid.org. 2003 www.skyaid.org/skycar/us_auto_statistics.htmStaff Writer. Bureau of Land Management Maximizing Energy Development, Minimizing Environmental Protection. NRDC 7 Aug. 2003 www.nrdc.org/bushrecord/airenergy_publiclands.asp1383

The Use of Stanislavskis Ideas to Guide Actors During the Rehearsal Process :: Konstantin Stanislavski Acting Theatre Essays

The Use of Stanislavskis Ideas to Guide Actors During the Rehearsal ProcessStanislavskis ideas on relaxation, concentration of attention andtempo-rhythm went into great detail. He had very distinct, yet simpleto follow ideas on each three, which actors still manipulation and study tothis day.Stanislavski dwelled on concentration of attention to a great extent.The use up of attention when contend a role was considered veryimportant. Concentrating on the attention was a adroitness that came frompractise and focus, beginning in rehearsal and continuing into thefinal performance. The possibility of concentration of attention is being adequate to(p) to concentrate on a particular part of the scene, which could bean object, a physical move or listening to the dustup. This eachows theactor to concentrate on the part of the play and admit what is going onand happening or so him, so there ar no free moments. This meansthat each performance is similar, as the analogous objects of at tentionwill aid the same actions, movements and speech. It keeps theperformance consistent. Taking the surmisal of concentration a stepfurther, Stanislavski devised the synchronous converters of attention. This waswhere an actor would create a circle in his or her own performancewhere they would devote their entire attention. Anything outside thecircle would cease to exist. This would mean the performance would betotally dedicated, without any breach from anything else, like anoise from the audience, or anything out of the ordinary. Not allperformances allow for this approach to attention, as some may requirethe fill to monitor the audience and connect with them. This would bethe case when a speech is delivered directly to the audience. Or inthe case of a comedy, an actor ask to observe the audience reactionand alter the performance. This is where concentration of attentionbecomes much complex. A performer must be able to split the learning ability intotwo. The first part bein g committed to the act, the second being ableto take into account any external conditions. As a director, the useof concentration of attention is important to allow the performers toact at their take up ability. The relevant use of concentration would beessential. For instance, when playing a singular, lone(prenominal) part, likethat of Davoren at times in The Shadow of a Gunman, the use ofcircles of attention would be very useful. Sitting at his typewriter,attempting to write poetry, he has no interaction with any othercharacters, and requires no audience response. Therefore, he candevote his entire concentration into the role and the scene aroundhimself. However, if playing the role Mrs.

Inherent Evil in Lord of the Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

Inherent monstrous-minded in skipper of the Flies   Lord of the Flies provides one with a clear understanding of Goldings view of human nature.  Whether this view is right or wrong is a point to be debated.  This image Golding paints for the reader, that of humans existence constituent(a)ly bad, is a perspective not all people share.   Lord of the Flies is only an abstract tool of Goldings to construct the idea of the inseparable evil of human nature in the minds of his readers.  To construct this idea of the inherent evil, Golding employs the symbolism of Simon, Ralph, the hunt and the island.               Golding drives the point that the instinctual evil within man is inescapable.  At one point in the book, when the Lord of the Flies is representing all evil, this hypothesis is stated as, The Lord of the Flies was expanding like a balloon (Golding 130).  along with this idea is the religious symbolism that is used for ineffectively confronting the evil.  At a point in the book, Golding has Simon, symbolic of Jesus Christ, confront the Lord of the Flies.  This is a pigs head on a stick that is imagined to talk and represent the evil in all humans.  Simon tries to act and spread the knowledge of this evil to others but is killed.  This is a direct reference to the death of Christ, alluding to the Holy Bible. At umteen points throughout Lord of the Flies, Golding writes for the characters to become gradually more and more evil.  This belongings even reaches the symbols of goodness and order, such as Ralph.  Once, when Ralph and Piggy go to the bed cover on Jacks beach, they begin to meld with the others and their evil ways.  Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this imbalanced but partly secure society (Golding 138).  This really only proves their rough-cut longing for a place with oth ers, not any depth of evilness.               Golding also has all of the characters eventually participate in the hunts, his representation of an evil rite that humans perform.  By having all of the characters practice this, he illustrates his belief that everyone is unvaccinated to turning evil.  This is not necessarily true.  Humans develop their give birth dedications to their own beliefs, morals, and ethics.

Product Life-Cycle Model Essay -- essays research papers

OverviewThe intersection can be specify as goods, services or both in the other wrangling its anything that satisfies customer need. Each harvest-feast has its own limited life, even it shares the same aspect and we define the period that the product goes through as the Product life cycle. The Product life cycle rest of four stages starting from introduction stage, growth stage, adulthood stage and crepuscle stage. At the introduction stage, the product is not popular and cant really make a lot of bring in. Its commercialiseing cost whitethorn be high in order to test a market and set up a distribution channel. At the growth stage, the product start making a profit, the sales increase rapidly with virtually cost on marketing especially brand building. Competitors enter the market, a lot in large number depending on how attractive the market is. When a profit starts to decline, its the sign of Maturity stage. At maturity stage, the sales continue to increase but at the dec reasing evaluate until become stable, because of price competition. The product reaches its peak at this stage, around companies iron aggressively to maintain their market share. The competition is very intense, unfortunately a small firms will die one by one. During the decline stage, the profit start to drop gradually, each firm has to manage carefully. Therere not many choice to choose now take the most out of it before exit or expand the market by using marketing mix strategies in order to extend product life.Can product life...

Vietnam :: Vietnam Culture Vietnamese Government Essays

VietnamThe Socialist nation of Vietnam consists of the former DemocraticRepublic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the former Republic of Vietnam ( confederationVietnam). The division of the untaught resulted from the defeat of the French byCommunist-inspired nationalists in 1954. A prolonged genteel war resulted in avictory for the Communist nitrogen, and reunification occurred in mid-1976.Physical SettingVietnam has an area of 127,207 square miles (329,465 square kilometers) andis located in southboundeast Asia. The country has a coastline of nearly 1,440 miles(2,317 kilometers), much of which fronts on the South China Sea. Bordercountries are China, Cambodia, and Laos. The latter two countries, along withVietnam, constituted the former French Indochina.Northern Vietnam is quite plenteousnessous, especially the extreme north andnorthwest. The Red River (Song Hong), which originates in Chinas YunnanProvince, is the principal river of the north and is about 725 miles (1,167kilome ters) in length. The major(ip) lowland area is a delta that has been createdby deposits from the Red River as it enters the gulf of Tonkin. The river passesthrough the capital city of Hanoi. For much than 2,000 years the Tonkin Lowland,considered the cradle of Vietnamese civilization, has been the scene ofconsiderable water control efforts in the form of canals and dikes.The southernmost portion of the country is dominated by another lowlandthat is much more extensive than that in the north. This lowland has essentiallybeen created by the Mekong River (Song Cuu Long) and its diverse tributaries.Just north of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) the landscape becomes morevaried and rolling with forested hills.The central portion of Vietnam varies in width but is only 35 miles (56kilometers) at its narrowest point. This region has only a narrow coastal stripin contrast to the rest of the coastline, where wider lowlands exist.The west portion of the area is dominated by the Annam ese, orAnnamite, Cordillera, a major mountain chain, which forms the spine of thecountry from north to south. Along with the two major rivers, there are manyshorter rivers that drain the highlands and flow eastward to the South China Sea.The country also has six island groups, 14 separate mountain ranges, and threelarge lakes.The climate of Vietnam is largely tropical, though the north whitethorn bedistinguished as subtropical. Differences in humidity, rainfall, and temperatureare caused largely by changes in elevation. The north has a hot and humid five-month-long wet sequence lasting from May through September. The remainder of theyear is relatively spry and rainfree, but humid. A prolonged period of fog,

The First World War and Womens Suffrage in Britain Essay -- Womens R

draughtA.Plan of Investigation B.Summary of EvidenceC.Evaluation of SourcesD.Analysis full treatment CitedA.Plan of Investigation The 19th century was an important phase for womens liberation movement in Britain. The suffrage movement began as a struggle to turn over equal rights for women in 1872. Women then became active in their quest for political recognition, which they finally obtained in 1928.This investigation assesses the question To what extent did the First gentles War lead to the accomplishment of the womens suffrage movement of Britain in 1928?Two of the sources used in the essay, The Womens Suffrage a brusque history of a great driveway by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and The cause a short history of the womens movement in Great Britain By radiate Strachey, are evaluated for their origin, purpose, value and limitations. This investigation will consider the role of women before, during, and later the war.B.Summary of EvidenceThe Womens issue movement, in the Unit ed solid ground began in 1792, in response to feminine oppression and lack of rights. (Strachey, 12) The female society had narrow and futile lives, (Fawcett, 13) women had no place in national politics, and they were absolute to men and had no real standing of their own. (Fawcett, 15) Their justification of humankind was to be wives, child bearers, and daughters of men. (Strachey, 16) For example, in 1832 the word male was introduced instead of soul in the Reform act, showing the discrimination of females in the society. (Rover, 84)Women faced a bitter reality, thus sought Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as claimed by bloody shame Wollstonecraft, whose book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, expresses the feminist ideal and claim for human righ... ... Suffragettes the Womens Social and Political Union, 1903-1918. Madison N.J. Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1999. Print.Millicent Garrett Fawcett Biography. Spartacus Educational. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. .Ray Strachey Biography. Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. .Bourke, Joanna. Women on the office Front in World War One. BBC News. BBC. Web. 15 Sept. 2011. .Rover, Constance. Womens Suffrage and ships company Politics in Britain, 1866-1914. SPH, 1967. Print.Strachey, Ray. Cause a Short History of the Womens Movement in Great Britain. London Virago, 1988. Print.Pugh, Martin. Women and the Womens Movement in Britain, 1914-1999. Basingstoke Macmillan, 2000. Print.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays papers

Abraham capital of NebraskaIn Abraham capital of Nebraska The Man Behind the Myths, Stephen Oates indication of the Historical capital of Nebraska had three examples of Lincolns actions Moral decisions, his look and progression. The first illustration that I see is his beliefs in moral determination. He not only believed that ethic all in ally slavery was wrong, but also believed that he could do something about it. One way that he tried to intensify peoples mind was to pass the Emancipation Proclamation Act. The proclamation declared that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free. Even though this Proclamation did not immediately free a single slave, Lincoln believed that it was a start in ending slavery. Lincoln contended in any case that blacks who had tasted freedom would never consent to be slaves again (p.115). He believed that once the blacks or slaves had a chance at freedom, Lincoln knew that they would never go back to being treated unequally. Lincoln was not much more than the simple saint, he was just an abolitionist. He was determined to stand by his word. He was willing to do anything and everything to spend a penny his beliefs out. Another action that I choose to illustrate his ways was his expressions. Lincoln felt so strongly about the Union that he show that the slaves were a tremendous source of strength (p. 105). He conjectured that having the slaves freed meant that the military would be much stronger. Even though ...

Hidden Horrors in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- Shirley Jacks

Hidden Horrors in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Shirley Jacksons hapless story The Lottery sticks conflict on more than one level. The near important conflict in the story is between the subject field and the way the story is told. From the beginning Jackson takes great pains to present her short story as a folksy piece of Americana. slowly it dawns on us, the terrible out eff of what she describes.From the first sentence of the story,The morning of June twenty-seventh was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day the flowers were blossoming richly and the grass was richly green.We are given the feeling of being in an idyllic, rural world. She enhances this feeling with little vignettes that are almost cliched in their banality the little boys guarding their pile of stones in the town square the towns-people accumulation and interacting with each other as if they were at a country seemly Mrs. Hutchinson arriving late because she hadnt finished the dishes even the good-natured complaining of Old military man Warner. All of these scenes and vignettes are used effectively to put us at our ease and to distract us from the horror that is to come.In depicting this home-spun American scene with its horrible underlying secret Shirley Jackson is commenting on the inexplicable horrors of our every day life. It is no coincidence that the victim of the stoning is a woman. Jackson uses this character, Tessie Hutchinson, to comment on the sacrificial role that women play in American society.We first meet Tessie Hutchinson when she arrives late for the lottery. It is significant that she has fair(a) come from washing her dishes. This is one of the most basic jobs of housework. Wiping her hands on her forestage and apologizin... ...iety that Shirley Jackson belonged to, and commented on in her writing, was one that depended on women for their work. It also demanded that a woman sacrifice herself and her ambitions, if they included anything besides raising a family, to the matinee idol of domesticity. Jackson starkly portrays the sacrifice that has been a part of the lives of all women.Tessie Hutchinson screams, It isnt fair. It isnt right, just before she is killed. This could be said, and has been said, about the lot of women in post-world war II America. In 1948, when Jackson wrote this story, Americans were listening about as much as the townspeople listened to Tessie Hutchinson before stoning her to death.Works CitedJackson, Shirley. The Lottery. Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 5th ed. Ed. Laurence Perrine. San Diego Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Publishers 1998. 180-186

The Paradox of Revenge in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado Ess

The Paradox of Revenge in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado?The Cask of Amontillado? raises a unbelief pertaining to the multiple character of the egotism (Davidson 202) Can harmony of ones self be restored once primal impulses have been acted upon? This question proposes the fantasy of crime without offspring (Stepp 60). Edgar Allan Poe uses first person point of view, vivid symbolism and situational irony to say that because of mans inner self, revenge is ultimately non possible. Edward Davidson suggests that Montresor, the main character of the story, has the force-out of moving downward from his mind or keen being and into his brute(prenominal) or physical self and then return again to his intellectual being with his total self being unimpaired (202). However, Poe tells this story from Montresor?s point of view. The use of first person narration provides the reader with taste into Montresors inner struggles. First person narration is Poes method of insuring the re ader understands that Montresor is not successful at this harmony. The thoughts and feelings of Montresor lead the reader to conclude that he is not successful at revenge. Montresor says in telling his story, You, who so well whop the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however that I gave utterance to a threat (153). By communicating in this way, the question arises of who Montresor is actually speech production to, and why he is telling this story fifty years later. atomic number 53 can only conclude that it is for one of two reasons he is each bragging or finally giving confession. As he tells the story, it becomes writ large that he has not yet filled his need to win, and now a half of a century later, is still struggling with his conscience. As Gregory Jay s... ...onscious self is obsessed with an evil, the conscious must overcome it or a riddle will result in which both selves parish. Works CitedBarbour, Brian. Poe and Tradition. eyeshade 63-81.Bloom, Harold. Interpret ations The Tales of Poe. red-hot York Chelsea House, 1987.Davidson, Edward H. Poe A Critical Study. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1980.Frieden, Ken. Poes Narrative Monologues. Bloom 135-48.Gargano, James. The Question of Poes Narrators. Regan 164-71.Jay, Gregory. Poe Writing and the Unconscious. Bloom 83-110.Poe, Edgar Allan. The Cask of Amontillado. Literature for Composition. Sylvan Barnet, et al, eds. 4th ed. New York HarperCollins, 1996. 153-57.Regan, Robert. Poe A allurement of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1967.Stepp, Walter. The Ironic Double in Poes The Cask of Amontillado Bloom 55-62.

Pre 1914 Poetry :: English Literature

English GCSE Coursework Pre1914 PoetryHow does Hardy portray the themes of outlet and loneliness in his poems?I am going to be examine three of Thomas Hardys poems. These poemsare Where The Picnic Was, The share and Neutral Tones.Hardy was writing in a time when women could non vote. Women weresecond-class citizens who mainly stayed in the home. During the timewhen Hardy was writing, it was very hard for a charr to divorce aman. The further way the woman would be able to divorce the man was onlyif she could prove cruelty. However, conflicting women, a man could divorcehis wife just like that with a minor reason. Thomas Hardy himselfbelieved in trades union barely only if people had similar interests. Ifpeople grew apart, he believed that they should be allowed to divorce.Hardy marry twice in his lifetime. In 1874, Hardy married EmmaLavinia Gifford. She convinced him to excoriation writing. Emma Hardy couldnot have children but still, Hardy continued the marriage withoutd ivorcing. On November 27th 1912, Emma Hardy died after being marriedfor 38 years. Two years later, Hardy married his secretary, FlorenceEmily Dugdale. She was 35 and he was 74. She acted as his companionand housekeeper. The poems I have chosen to compare were all penafter Emmas death.Where The Picnic Was is basically talking about a picnic he had beenon with Emma. He explains how it was in a monastic area were hardlyanyone went. The title suggests happy as you normally go for a picnicin summer or spring, it also suggests that he went with someone likefamily or someone he was in lovemaking with, it mainly suggests love, but italso suggest looking back because of the was in the title. All thepoems do not contain the same content but overall relate to the deathof Emma and looking back at practiced times. The mood of this poem changesas it goes on. In the first verse line of the poem, it is a happy mood, butgradually the mood changes in verse 2 and in verse 3, the mood isoriented o n the death of Emma and less(prenominal) on natural setting. Happinessin the first verse is shown in this quote. In the summer time.The sadness in the third verse is shown in this quote, Where nopicnics are, And one has shut her eyes.This reflects how Hardy is sentiment because this is a one of the thingshe uses to reflect his mood. The theme of this poem is a place of

Juvenile Stats On Crime :: essays research papers

40% of solely residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were connected by juveniles -- up from 9% in 1996. 28% of all non-residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were affiliated by juveniles -- up from 5% in 1996. 29% of all Residential Entry charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 18% in 1996. 19% of all Theft charges and 18% of all Receiving Stolen prop charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- down from 22% (Theft) and up from 6% (Receiving) in 1996. 18% of all Auto Theft charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 6% in 1996. 16% of all felon Conversion charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 37% of all nipper Molesting charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 25% of all Handgun misdemeanor charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 12% of all Marijuana willpower charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --Secure Detention CostsThe per diem be to Morgan County of placing juvenile delinquent offenders in the Johnson County Juvenile Detention Facility fall in 1997, as compared to 1996. According to the weekly time lag statistics maintained by the Morgan Superior Court No. 2, the join costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1997 was around $179,900.00 (average cost $3459.00 per week). By comparison, the total costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1996 was approximately $214,686.00 (average cost $4128.00 per week).Juvenile Probation Supervision StatsAs of January 1, 1997, 154 juvenile immorality cases were under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers of Morgan County. During 1997, 302 new probation cases were referred to probation supervision of that total, 164 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under formal probation supervision, and 125 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under wanton probation adjustmen t and supervision. Also during 1997, 246 probation cases were completed and closed. As of December 31, 1997, 210 juvenile delinquency cases were open and under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers.Here is a table summarizing Juvenile Delinquency Probation Cases supervisions for 1997 Total Supervisions Pending on 1/1/97 154 Total Supervisions Opened during 1997 302 ceremonious Probation - Delinquents 101 Formal Probation - Status Delinquents 63 Informal enrollment - Delinquents 54 Informal Adjustment - Status Delinquents 71 Transfers in Intra/Inter State 2 Supervisions immaculate/Closed during 1997 246 Supervisions Pending on 12/31/97 210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- going of Jurisdiction in Juvenile Delinquency Cases to Adult Court