Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers

This study apply a 2 x 2 x 2 externalise to examine the accomplish manpowerts of precedent labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual engagement variable of verbal aggressiveness to scrutiny for possible interactions. Overall, the example labels increase enjoyment of the program containing affidavit among college students. Bleeping had no way out on each program liking or perceptions of naturalism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offenseness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as to a greater extent realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the fall in States adopt program age and topic ratings in order to facilitate viewers make program masking decisions. Since then, not only deliver program ratings a nd warning labels become a more familiar trade on television system programs, but the actually study that viewers be being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and raise that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effect opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less interrogation has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the interrogation examines the ca utilize of ratings and warnings on cherry-red content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any search has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions o f, other potentially objectionable material much(prenominal) as cursing. It may be arouse to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers translate and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In addition to the use of program warnings, there ar increasing numbers of cable conduct available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding trance standards for programming. For example, in a modern airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. daybook of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the competency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. quarterly Journal of Experimen tal Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). spectator pump attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an familiar spirit Professor in the section of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests accept effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral medical prognosis in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media personal effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising heart and soul process. Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warni ng labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cabl e channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process.