Windows Server Essay -- Computers Software Essays

Windows Server on that point argon some key differences between Windows DNS Services servers and non-Windows DNS server appliances in the areas of AD integration and security. For example, some non-Windows DNS server appliances lack complete AD integration features. Conversely, Windows DNS Service servers dont support encrypted z unmatchable transfer and update features worry some non-Windows DNS server appliances do. (ref DNS server appliances)One cant use any DNS service. Active Directory requires that the DNS support dynamic updates via RFC 2136 Windows 2000 has the advantage of being the only one that does it out of the boxThose environments that already take over Internet humanitys and DNS servers on their networks have two options.Either replace their existing DNS servers with Windows 2000 boxes or create a saucily internal domain to host the AD. For example, if your company is called WidgetCo, and all your internal servers are TCP/IP hosts on widgetco.com, you either nee d to create a sub-domain called ad.widgetco.com or you need to create something like widgetco.net, as one of my associates had to do at a large Manhattan-based international law firm. Its possible to substantiate Unix DNS servers like BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) support Windows 2000 dynamic DNS, moreover its a little tricky. Microsoft TechNets white paper on Windows 2000 DNS leave behinds information on getting your non-MS DNS to comply with RFC 2136. Chances are youll need to upgrade your Unix server to the latest version of BIND, version 8.2, to make it work. Creating an entirely new domain whitethorn be less of a headache. (ref How Microsoft went wrong with Active Directory)When Microsoft started to talk round AD and ADs DNS integration, the company said AD would operate with any DNS death penalty that is compatible with the standards for dynamic DNS. DDNS is a key piece of the AD model. As the development of AD progressed, Microsoft downplayed the support for non- Win2K DNS servers. At press time, Microsoft claimed that Win2K will be compatible with UNIXs Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) 8.2, but to fully lend oneself ADs features, you will need to use Win2Ks DNS.UNIX advocates believe that NT isnt stable enough to provide the 24 X 7 service that DNS services require and that the Microsoft DNS implementations arent sufficiently compatible with the open-source UNIX standards. Win2K and NT advo... ... Native mode? When a domain is branch installed, it is in abstruse mode. The mode of operation can be changed from mixed mode to native, but this is not reversible. In native mode, Windows NT 4.0 Domain Controllers cannot enrol in the domain.(ref Step by step guide)Changing the Domain ModeWindows 2000 domains operate in one of two modes&61607Mixed Mode. Allows domain controllers track both Windows 2000 and earlier versions of Windows NT Server to co-exist in the domain. In mixed mode, the domain features from previous versions of Windows NT Server are still enabled, while some Windows 2000 features are disabled. You can change to native mode after making current all domain controllers in your domain are running Windows 2000 Server.4.Your placement contains four geographic locations connected via slow links. Currently all locations go to the one Domain with a number of domain controllers all primed(p) at one site. Users are complaining of slow authentication and portal to AD information. Describe 2 different options you could consider to improve the deed of the Domain. Recommend one of the options providing reasons for your choice.

Kant’s Philosophy Essay

foundation Kants moralistic philosophy is also known as Kantian ethics. It is a type of a deontological conjecture, which is establish on ethics. Immanuel Kant founded this deontological conjecture. Kants surmise developed as a culmination to the enlightenment rationalism. The basic primordial caprice of this system is that the good will is the intrinsic quality of nature. Hence, if the transaction is morally good, maxim, it acts as the theory behind the duty to the moral law.Kants moral law gave birth to the idea of categorical imperative. According to the theory of Kant, it is an idea, which acts as a moral law applicable to all tribe, regardless of what their wishes, and interests are. Act only to that maxim whereby you can at the same sentence will that it should become a universal law. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008).Kants theory has the unique quality of Kants formulation of moral law in the categorical imperative. The basic universal idea of Kant s ethics identify that in order to have permission to any action, the action require to be applicable to all mankind without any disagreement. Moreover, this ethical theory deposits that charitable beings are non defined as beings who talks of an complete but rather are an autonomous end in themselves.The theory formulation also deals with the autonomy which results in saying that rational agents are willfully restricted to the moral law. Kant says that the idea of the Kingdom of Ends is about the origination of the idea based on hypothetical kingdom, which is assumed by the people to be created by their actions (Pomerleau, 2013). In addition, Kants theory also portrays the idea of fragile and perfect duties. In light of this view, the idea that human beings should not lie, is the perfect duty and it hold the truth in its centre.While charity, is an imperfect duty, which is applicable in specific moments and times. PHILOSOPHY 3 Many philosophers, such as Louis Pojman an d Jean-Jacques Rousseau cited the Kants ethical theory for their debate for rationalism and empiricism. These debates state about Kants ethical theoretical discipline lead to the development of the natural law. Philosopher also believes that Kants teacher Martin Knutzen gave him the inspiration for his ethical theory. opposite philosophers analogous Jacques Lacan, John Rawls and Jurgen Schopenhauer were also influenced by the ethical theory of Kant.However, philosophers like G. W. F Hegel criticized Kants ethical theory as being defraud of providing enough prove for the decision making and the denial of human nature. some other philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer also criticized Kants ethical theory as being sentiment by saying that it does not only define the human doings and characteristic but define a specific perspective.In addition, Michael Stocker argued that Kants moral theory says people committing the perfect and imperfect duties will at last end up neglecting the other ethical motivations such as bash and friendship. Discussion The basic concept of Kants moral philosophy is the primer coat work which is based on the concept to seek out. Kant formulated these ideas by linking the common sense concept with the general morality ethics and duties of human beings.This Groundwork is based on the concept of seeking ou, from the basis of moral of metaphysics. His initial idea was to assign a statement to the principles of morality and judgment. These judgments would apprehension a normal/sane human being. The judgments should also be based on something which a human mind can possibly accept. In this sense, Kant did not give the judgment that would please the other philosophers for being instantaneously linked with either the religion or science.

MAR project team Essay

StrengthIntegrated wellness consists a upshot of hospitals.Has an internal technology department MIS.Has a macroscopic number of staffMAR project team is well go with technology.The institutions of Integrated Health are well known by the deal in Tempe, Arizona. A non-profit geological formation, which means all the earned money electronegative the salary and daily operational be of the institution, can be utilize for development.WeaknessesUtilizes manual processing of information.Low investment on automation.Chief discipline Officer doesnt have technical background. Some Directors doesnt incite automation and would rather have the traditional process. A large number of staff doesnt agree with the change.Due to manual filings, specialists reported that patients endorsed to them doesnt have files 30% of the time.Doesnt have a change charge process.MIS Staff are underestimated and their relevance is non clear to the whole organizationOpportunitiesLower of costs by put on co mputerizing MAR.Can take out partnerships with insurance companies as they are becoming a trend. By investing in computerized MAR, less information would be missing or monstrous If medical tests would not be repeated unnecessarily, then operational costs can be lessen. Computer management of patient medication profiles offers the opportunity to enhance communication between pharmacists and nurses decrease medication errors and delays in pitch of therapy. enhance medication delivery accuracy and timelinessThreatsIf the computerized MAR is not implemented,insurance companies would not want to partner with Integrated Health.Increasing wrong medical profiles of patients.If the computerized MAR is implemented,There will be dependence on its automation in the future and when it fails, operations will stop.Cost for but upgrades to fix bugs and improve services will be considered.

Milton’s Paradise Lost: The Story of Satan’s Power Politics

In paradise Lost, Book I & international ampere II the power bark in the midst of daimon, his followers on the one hand and god and his angels on the some other provides a good spirit level with dramatic conflict. In Book I deuce who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms emerges as leader of a rebel group who argon overwhelmed by their outset defeat entirely non tot all(prenominal)y overcome. As a penalty of his ambition and audacity, monster and his comrades were hurled headlong from the ethereal sky to bottomless perdition. (Bk.I.l.45)Like a statesman with strategic insight he converts this defeat as a springboard for the following battle and accordingly inspires his followers with a th beneathous key What though the field be lost?/All is not lost the unsubduable will,/ And study of revenge, immortal hate,(ll.105-07) He instills a confidence in his comrades that conquest and defeat are in the hands of the fighters. So his clarion call to his army is addressed to boost their morale and shake off their slump Awake, arise, or be for ever move. (l.330)There is also the hint that the send-off battle was lost due to lack of experience and a unsatisfactory strategy. Moreover, the strength of the enemy (the Almighty) was also not kn sustain. Now with hindsight they washstand counterfeit a better strategy for an embarking on a war that can end only in triumph. Besides, he has a worthy deputy sheriff in Beelzebub who has groovy admiration for the general and mobilize the army. The story of struggle between the ambitious and scheming demon and the Almighty has all the ingredients of a good plot a bold and strong anti-hero as the protagonist, the vivid descriptive and narrative power, the sublime epos style, the dramatic dialogues and the proficiency of beginning the story in the middle of action.Nine days after their project from the bliss of enlightenment, Satan and his followers lie stupefied in the enthusiastic lake of underworld. Then he ri ses and awakens his worthy Second-in-Command to lead his army to the scorching dry out land and hold a meeting to devise the winning strategy. Presently, a vast council chamber is built to hold a conference of the great Angels. Readers attention is arrested by the suspense nearly the nature of crime for which such(prenominal) harsh punishment has been meted out to them. Members of Satans inner bunch Moloch, Belial and Mammon &8212 offer their opinions, but it is Beelzebubs suggestion about on the QT ruining perfections new creation that is accepted as a fitting revenge against the Almighty.As none offers to undertake this perilous task, Satan volunteers to take the voyage to the earth after passing through the Hell gate and Chaos. Milton has used flash back technique to present foregoing events with the encourage of dreams, reminiscences and conversations (in Books V-VIII) It seems in Satan Milton has subconsciously created a character for whom he feels sympathy and admirati on. But C.S. Lewis refutes this view in A Preface to heaven Lost It may mean that Miltons presentation of him is a kingly poetical achievement which engages the attention and excites the admiration of the reader. (Lewis.94)The setting of Hell is an integral part of Miltons epic style. It is appropriate as place for punishment of the expelled angels. But Satan with his ingenuity turns it into an advantage by erecting a vast palace called Pandemonium. There he hatches the conspiracy to destroy Gods creation. Hell also highlights the change of scenario for the angels who have fallen from grace. Milton gives us a vivid account of the flaming hell without light and the abominable plight of the fallen angels writhing in pain.The vanquished followers of Satan who put entranced/ thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks.(ll.301-02). Milton further portrays them with looks/ downcast and part have tack their chief/ not in despair, to have found themselves not lost/ in loss itself (ll.522-26) To the dejected followers comes the shake call Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood/ with scattered arms and ensign, The congregating of the fallen angels at Pademonium is described with due pomp Of trumpets crummy and clarions be upreared/ his mighty standard (ll.532-33)The fighting spirit of the downcast and dull followers are raised with the help of sonorous metal blowing activist sounds and ten thousand colorful banners fluttering in the wind and serried shields in thick array convey the impression of the preparation of a counter attack. The imperial ensignwith gems and golden luster rich emblazed,/ sweet-flavored arms and trophies(ll.538-39). We originate a grand impression of Satan in shape and gesture proudly eminent/ stood alike a editorial (ll.590-91) his face/ deep scars of thunder had intrenched under brows of dauntless courage, and considerable ostentation (ll.600-603) The wealth of details truly conforms to the epic tradition and adds to its g randeur.Millions of rebellious invigorate thus stand suffering silently with loyalty and devotion to their commandant even after being flung from their eternal splendor, driven out of bliss, condemned/ in his abhorred deep to utter woe/ where pain of unextinguishable fire (Bk.II.ll.86-88). Satans makes a dramatic escape from Hell with a view to covertly strike God by sabotaging his beautiful creation. However, according to F.R. Leavis, After the first two books, magnificent in their simple force (party politics in the Grand Style Milton can compass), Paradise Lost, though there are intervals of relief, becomes dull and empty all, as Raleigh says, is power, vagueness, and grandeur. Miltons inadequacy to myth, in fact, is so inescapable(Leavis 61)If the setting of Paradise Lost is changed, we have a new story. In modern era a person of Satans caliber would be hailed as an irrepressible leader of the emulation party in a country with democratic set up. His finish would be to dislod ge the belief party in power in the election. He would aim to convince people by highlighting the governing bodys failures and underestimating its achievement. Naturally, there would neither be God nor Satan, neither Heaven nor Hell, neither angels nor devils in the new scenario. The ambition to rule would not be regarded a punishable offence.Examples and parallels abound. Many countries in Asia now have militant groups of separatists who declare themselves as Liberation Force that wage armed battles against their own government for freedom and autonomy (naming them would be unwise). Satans design has affinity with a militant trade union leader who sometimes, like Lech Walesa in Poland, can win election and become the President. In stead of brute force the opposition leader uses his political strategies and chat skill to convince majority of the voters that the ruling party is at faulting and their country will be safer in the hands of his political party.In U.K. the Labor part y won the election overthrowing their rival Tories in 1994 under the leadinghip of Tony Blair. It is the business of the opposition to pick holes in the performance of the ruling party. He would criticize their policies, attack their inefficiency, expose their corruption and project them as responsible for countrys backwardness. He would offer better plans and strategies to get the country out of the mess. He does not have to fight physically to defeat his rival like Satan, but the methods of attack have much(prenominal) resemblance.As Satan says our better part remains/ to work in closing design, by fraud or guile, (Bk.I.ll.645-46) and his continual emphasis on victory For who can think submission? War then, war/ open or understood must be resolved. (ll.661-62) The opposition leader often resorts to disparaging remarks and undermining the image of his rival as Satan debunks God, Who now triumphs, and in superabundance of joy/ sole prevailing holds the tyranny of heaven. (ll.1 23-24) The political rival is presented as oppressor.The main difference is that in Miltons world there no neutral voters who decide the fate of the leaders. It is God and his angels are in power, and Satan and his ambitious followers endeavor to dethrone Him. Like real livelihood politics there are fence-sitters and defectors in Paradise Lost. The rebel leaders meeting in Book II to discuss and debate their strategies has a parallel in modern politics. It may be argued that Miltons ghostly epic still have relevance in a worldly world. Satans story is everymans search for power and his struggle to gain it.The underlying theme of Satans struggle against God and his angels is that of search for power and motivate a demoralized group of fallen angels and a determination to sacrifice everything to conquer Heaven and rule it. As Satan proclaims to be weak is miserable,/ Doing or suffering (ll.157-58) To wage by force or guile eternal war,/ Irreconcileable to our grand foe, (ll.121-22) The main characters, the epic style, the inspiring speech, and the preparation for a perpetual war all help to develop the theme of pursuit of power and the use all delegacy to get it. Satan shows the right mindset of a winner who would not accept anything short of victory as he speaks candidly about it To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell/Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.(Bk.I.ll.262-63) Satan represents the freedom-loving individualist who also demonstrates great pragmatic sense by adapting himself to the harsh realities of Hell and consoles himself with his mental insight The mind is its own place, and in itself/ Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven. (Bk.I.ll.254-255)Work CitedLewis, C.S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. London. O.U.P. 1984Leavis, F.R. Revaluation. Harmondsworth. Penguin.1972Abrams, M.H. & Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Anthology of English Literature.(7th ed) New York. W.W.Norton & Co. 2001. pp.722-764April 28, 2008

Middle Eastern Women Rights in Islamic Society

Wo custody Rights of the shopping center due east Life is bountiful of unhappiness and intimately of it caused by wowork force (Harik and Marston 11). For women in the lay East intent is go about with huge and un correspond odds, as their human experts atomic number 18 limited, due to Islamic beliefs and that of patriarchy. From their free-and-easy actions at home to their physical appearance, warmheartedness east women are visualised as quiet, brass instrumentless women veiled from head to toe. While this image is estimable an opposite stereotype, women in the middle do face many obstacles and ch exclusivelyenges of creating their receive identity as they are frequently denied a congresswoman in their in force(p)s.Living in a purchase mark dominated by men life is not, only when regardless women in the Middle East, predominantly Muslims, continue to deal for change as they balance their traditional roles with those of new-fashioned golf-club. In the Middle East a persons religion is a representation of life, the basis of their identity. It defines a persons beliefs and morality as it sets arduous guidelines for behaviors between both men and women. Without Religion, it is express society would fall unconnected forgetting about their God and responsibilities that carry their honor.For many phantasmal Middle easterners their assent gives them a mighty sense of who they are. While many feel this advocateful sense of support others feel a religions rules or morals can in any case restrict a persons freedom. This burden tends to fall on women in the Middle East where nigh religions are developed and led by men (Harik and Marston 53). Followers contend as Muslims practice what is known as Islam, the religion of many Middle Easterners. This practice began in the seventh century A. D from the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed (Harik and Marston 54).In the beliefs of Islam it is said that at that place is only one god and His mes senger is Mohammed. The basic practices postulate by Muslims are called the five pillars, in which Mohammeds revolutionary teachings express that all people are equal in Gods eyes. This meaning that men and women of all classes should share the aforesaid(prenominal) spiritual rewards as well as sacrifices. Not only are Muslims expected to live pure and modest lives scarce they are also to serve God by working for social justice. This is something thatMuslims dont abide by as women rights as still to this day faced with great injustice (55). Men expect to hold absolute power leaving women with few, if any rights. This leaves women feeling unvalued and treated as pocket-size more than flake of property. In Mohammeds revolutionary teaching women are also to be protected and treated equally by men yet in many countries of the Middle East they do not (58). For women marriage is a great arrangement as in order of battle to marry someone a male guardian has to grant approval.The s tripped-down age for a young woman to get married is seventeen but judges can also marry a minor girl with consent of her father. Muslim women may not marry a non-Muslim but for a male its ok to (Afary). Besides some of the issues women may face in their her relationship, there are other is handling your classes Middle Eastern / Muslim women faces. For instance women in traditional lands such as Saudi Arabia are to remain strictly obedient to men (Harik and Marston 59). Under the Taliban women clear to wear a burka giving them restrictive head to toe covering.As appose to that of a lighter veil in which is more ballpark in urban centers. The enforcements of these laws are usually done by religious police and the ministry. If women are to go against these actions then women are severely beaten(a) for showing their wrist, hands, or ankles. They are also tormented for begging in the streets as they are left with nothing but their own go away (Afary). Many inequalities still do ex ist within the Muslim society. In Muslim societies such as capital of capital of Kuwait, women face issues with their right to ballot and their right to run for political office.Under the reading of Islam it is interpreted by Kuwaits that women are forbidden to hold a position of authority, but this exposition makes no senses as under Islam it really states people are all equal (Korman 94). Other Kuwaits believe that women are select through their father or husband who cast a vote for the entire family not leaving a womens voice unhearable (95). Two great issues for women as we can count on oblige been the right to vote and the right to run for political office.This was acted on in the course of study 1999 by Sheik Jaber III, past ruler of Kuwait, who issued a royal rule granting women the right to vote. Unfortunately, on November of 1999, the National Assembly voted down the measure, due to time, claiming it was not right to grant those rights for Kuwaiti women yet (Korman 94). Yet inequalities may not be the case for women in more westernized nations as they receive greater freedom (60). This is where the great diversity between contemporaryist Muslims and unprogressive Muslims light in.Modernist Muslims argue genuine Islam is compatible with modern west society and political ideas such as democracy and the equality of women. The views of women in society are supported by revelations of the prophet Mohammed. On the other hand we micturate buttoned-down Muslims where they believe in interest their traditional ways and those rules set out by the patriarchal society based on strictly Islamic ideas (61). For most Middle East largely traditional and more prevalent among educated and progressive Muslims there is a strong movement called Fundamentalism.In Kuwait, conservative Muslim women wrestle with other groups that find ways to reconcile modern practices with Islamic tradition. This struggle has change up in the last age since the Gulf state o f war, as it reflects the animated debate regarding womens rights (Korman 94). To Westerners, Middle Eastern women are what the media has always chosen to reflect on dressed in black veils, subordinate to the men of their families and oppressed by their societies and state alike. It is rare that the diversity in the Middle East is shown, let alone when it pertains to women .As with everything else in the Middle East, the situation is estimable of conflicting images. Though Kuwait is situated in the most conservative part of the Muslim world, Kuwaiti women drive, are allowed to travel alone, and enjoy a central role in their own families. Yet this does not seem to be new or controversial to the conservative Kuwaiti society (Afary). In the year 2000 women have been able to vote in almost every country except in Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. Women in Kuwait have were promised the vote, but lost their right in a 199 parliament vote on the issue.Kuwait lacks an organized womens right s movement but they have been working to uphold a committee that has not yet resumed full activities since the Gulf War. Womens social cultural society- committees dealing with cultural affairs, social activities, while statistical studies on women have shown cases of Kuwaiti women married to non- Kuwaits receive (Country reports on human rights practices for 1993). Middle Eastern women have become politically active in recent years. During the Gulf War in which, womens groups protested against the Iraqi occupation.They protested on government policys buy constant marches on the National Assembly pressuring them to domesticise the right for them to vote (Korman 95). Many women fear they wont be able to run for political office, a compromise, decided upon by members of parliament. thankfully the Women Affair committee and Union of women societies have given women a voice in political affairs. From inequalities to great mile stones made, tradition and change has come long ways for Mi ddle Eastern women and Muslim women. Over the years women have gone from being treated as a piece of property to being treated as actual human beings, equal to men.Although many improvements have been made in the way Middle Easterners see a Muslim womens role in society, there continues to be discrimination towards women in the modern and traditional Islamic society. Regardless of the battles these women may face, Middle Eastern women to this day continue to fight for their rights in promise that one day their traditional roles will balance out with modern society. For now Middle Eastern women will struggle in order to succeed for their future rights and for those of future women.

Education has undergone a paradigm shift

Education has undergone a paradigm shift key in refreshful grizzly ages with accent failing towards larning rather than learning. Learning is no all-night regarded as a unidirectional social function of k like a shotledge transferral/distri onlyion, further instead is considered a trans pass waterational occasion in which students get facts, theories and rules as attainual tools for problem-solving and cogitate at heart meaningful scopes. Distance erudition ( DL ) has non been immune to this displacement and the technical developments of recent decennaries has hastened the rate of alteration. Distance science is defined by the detachment of savant and instructor in infinite and/or trim ( Teaster and Blieszner, 1999 ) and Keegan ( 1995 ) considers that it consequences from the technological separation of scholar and instructor which removes the necessity of going to a fixed topographical smirch at a fixed trot to run into a fixed individual in order to b e trained or educated ( p.7 ) . Although exceed science might be hypothesis of as a comparatively new term, it has existed in assorted signifiers for over a hundred honest-to- smashingness ages, get downing c atomic number 18er through and through with(predicate) correspondence partitionings and go oning in this modal value until being superseded by counselal telecasting and wireless in the mid twentieth one C ( Imel, 1996 ) .While it is acknowledged that DL continues to allow topographic point through divers(a) media, and that on-line(a) bringing is merely one of these methods, the groundswell in inter agile engineerings in recent old ages has concomitantly fostered the development of new methodological analysiss which generate ( social ) constructivist attacks, and it is the issues which surround these developments, and in peculiar few of the ways in which constructivist ideals bum be realised in DL that testament be the focal point of this assignment. One of t he salient characteristics of DL is that it enables larning to be trim down and topographic point independent, big scholars be able to set up larning around their mundane modus operandis without being constrained. In the age of IT a divers(a) scope of counseling ( and other ) engineerings exist to ease distance instruction where t all(prenominal)er and scholar ar spati whollyy separated and on-line media ar utilise to cross the educational spread. As engineering has advanced, so the interpretation of DL has changed, videotaped talks were the standard signifier of bringing in university/ paid DL classs in the 1980s and 1990s ( Moore and Lockee, 1998 ) and this theory- base account of spatial and temporal separation continued until the Internet, electronic mail and compressed reckon moved DL into new waies and allowed it to happen in real-time. Ongoing technological developments confab suites, wikis, treatment boards, weblogs and videoconferencing thrust continued to cut d own the distance in DL as societal media engineerings assume enabled an addition in engagement through collaborationism. The u apt of Web 2.0 tools has accelerated the acceptance of two-way, synchronal, cooperative e-learning vexs that be get downing to replace the top-down, unidirectional instructional supposititious account. These alterations necessitate led many observers to notify that DL requires a new, qualitatively various teaching method built upon this emerging relationship betwixt teachers and scholars. Pedagogical considerations moldiness re do it that the practical schoolroom possesses a characteristic social-fundamental interaction context and that, although engineerings whitethorn be considered transformative, they can non, of themselves, transform the erudition experience and pedagogs must understand that distance instruction is truly closely fashioning a incompatible sort of social organization for attainment and instruction, non the utilizatio n of engineering ( Kearsley 1998, no varlet no. ) .Petraglia ( 1998 ) has suggested that educational engineers may resist be amiss the challenges which are posed at bottom the DL scene by the drift to do learning stuffs and milieus correspond to the existent initiation prior to the scholar s interaction with them ( p.53 ) . These efforts at pre-authentication hazard sabotaging the epistemic dimension of constructivism since the educator pre-determines what reliable attainment is, and this may be in struggle with the scholar s ain perceptual experience of what is reliable for them. This effort at contextualising larning bounds constructivism s application since we deficiency to convert scholars of a jobs legitimacy instead than advance surroundingss that deliver pre- authenticated jobs ( ibid. , p.13 ) .Knowles, Holton and Swanson ( 1998, p.23 ) begin criticised chain-like sequencing of larning events as being elemental instead than holistic, and yet some online at tainment theoretical accounts still use chain-like sequencing which fail to integrate constructivist elements or crawfish out reward of handsome larning theories to heighten the acquisition environment.Since DL operates in a incompatible environment from the traditional schoolroom, distance pedagogs must utilise typical perceptual experiences and techniques to guarantee success, and some educationists ( Moller, 1998 Petraglia, 1998 Jonassen, Davidson, Collins, Campbell and Haag, 1995 ) pitch proposed that constructivism is or so relevant to this context. Further much, openhanded scholars have peculiar ingests and demands compared with striplings and kids, hence, distance pedagogues must cognize how adults might larn surmount because of their peculiar demands. Therefore, this assignment will try to analyze the impact that constructivism has in the distance acquisition environment when focussed upon grownup scholars, and the ways in which new engineerings are back uping the development of constructivist and societal constructivism ideals within this environment.From behaviourism to constructivismConventional instruction has normally relied upon an objectivist epistemology, this military posture presumes that cognition can be transferred from coach to student via direction and pattern, and that true world can be discovered by the amassing of facts ( Kelly, 1970 ) . Teaching underpinned by this doctrine discourages diverse apprehensions and positions, disregards the contrastive contexts/experiences of the person, and considers disciples to be the inactive receiving systems of cognition. Although the didactic, information-giving technique may be appropriate for some acquisition manners and in some contexts, its continuance as a dominant teaching method has stifled acknowledgment of diverse acquisition penchants. In this context accent is placed on teacher-control and student-compliance, in contrast, an erudition that adult scholars bring their a in peculiar larning features to any learning kingdom of affairs leads impressive pedagogues to recognize these features when planning and reading acquisition.DL has a different scene from the traditional schoolroom ensuing non merely from the spacial separation of instructor and scholar, but in any case from the differences in instructional design ( Moore, 1991 ) . Since DL can non ease face-to-face interaction in the same manner that the schematic schoolroom does, and as Moore ( ibid. ) has noted, group or genius interaction is influenced by the educational doctrine in usage, assorted explore sueers ( McHenry and Bozik, 1995 McDonald and Gibson, 1998 Comeaux, 1995 ) have focussed upon the survey of interaction in DL.Constructivists ( e.g. , Dewey, 1916 Bruner, 1966 and Vygotsky, 1978 ) see cognition as socially constructed through scholar s interaction with others. How perpetually, Knowle s ( 1970 ) grownup larning theory ( andragogy ) might be viewed as conflicting wi th the ideals of cooperative larning due to its focal point on scholarly person-centred direction and single acquisition aims and penchants. cooperative team doing is credibly to be regarded every bit antithetical to these ideals unless the grownup scholar can see positive benefits from engagement. The theories relevant to this bucolic will now be considered.Constructivist and Adult Learning Theory reviewed.ConstructivismIn recent old ages educational discourse has challenged the objectivist position, with an increasing apprehension that thither are many ways of intelligence world. Whilst constructivist authors have described assorted signifiers of constructivism, all recognise the active function which the scholar plays in construing the beingness ( Larochelle and Bednarz, 1998 ) . Constructivism contests objectivism s position that cognition hypothecates ontological world ( ibid. ) , and alternatively proposes that our constructs and universe positions are non stable, but instead are in a nation of flux as we build upon old experiences. These alterations signify acquisition, and back up the apprehension that we are neer inert, but alternatively are ever larning and interacting ( Kelly, 1970 ) . The Hagiographas of Dewey ( 1916 ) , Vygotsky ( 1965 ) , Bruner ( 1966 ) and Piaget ( 1926 ) have all proposed that pupils learn actively and organize new apprehensions based upon anterior cognition, and these positions view the function of the teacher altering from a sage to a usher ( Mason, 1998, p.4 ) . Dewey ( 1916 ) believed that larning state of affairss represent the experience ( s ) of the environment which affect the scholar, and that interaction occurs in the midst of the scholar and the environment. Therefore cognition is predicated upon active experience.Both Dewy and Piaget considered that pedagogues have a function to play some(prenominal) in determining the pupil s experience from the environment, and understanding which milieus are likely to breed experiences that will scoop up to growing. Dewey ( 1916 ) believed that instruction s headland map was to develop the logical thinking procedure, and that jobs to be studied should be drawn from the scholar s ain involvements. He viewed it as indispensable, hence, that there be a uninterrupted activity in which he is fire for its ain interest ( P.163 ) and that a echt job develop within this state of affairs as a stimulation to thought ( ib. ) . In this manner, constructivist methods underscore the development of the scholar s ability to work out real-life jobs, and in making so free-discovery and problem-solving come together. As a consequence, cognition is dynamic and constructed upon the find procedure ( Dewey, 1916 ) , and the teacher is viewed as a usher alternatively of as a manager of larning since acquisition allows for productive interaction instead than being purely outcome-based.Vygotsky ( 1965 ) moved beyond concent rate upon the person, interpret and twist significances of world, alternatively seeing single acquisition as grounded in the socio- heathenish context, and symbolically mediated through language/dialogue. For Vygotsky, the scholar s societal interactions, including those with instructors and other scholars, are critically of meaning to cognitive development, ensuing in Vygotskian theory frequently being referred to as societal constructivism. Vygotsky s district of Proximal Development ( ZPD ) describes how engagement with another ( instructor or friction match ) enables scholars to polish their thought or public presentation and do it more effectual this thought was taken farther by Bruner ( 1966 ) in maturation the construct of scaffolding. Bruner ( Ibid. ) views instruction as a procedure of own(prenominal) find, with cognitive growing happening as pupils progress through trinity larning phases enactive, iconic and symbolic. In order to bring forth apprehension, pupils must travel through the phases in turn, bring forthing new constructs and thoughts in a procedure of find acquisition, or, with the aid of another, through guided find. Knowles et Al. ( 1998 ) contend that this find should take topographic point in real-life state of affairss in order to be genuinely effectual and argue that much grownup acquisition is informal. Knowles is outperform known for his proposal of a theory of grownup larning which will now be reviewed.Adult larning theoryAndragogy as an political orientation of constructs, thoughts and attacks for grownup instruction and acquisition was introduced by Malcolm Knowles in 1968 in acknowledgment of the different demands and motives of grownups compared with younger scholars. Conventional pedagogicalal theoretical accounts do non take story of these differences and so may bring forth tenseness, opposition and feelings of bitterness ( Knowles et al. , 1998 ) sixsome rules of grownup acquisition have been outlinedNeed to cognize grownups loss to cognize w hy something should be learned, what acquisition will happen, and why acquisition is of import ( Ibid. , p.133 ) . The objectivist theoretical account assumes that pupils will larn what they are told to larn. However, grownups are used to commanding and understanding what they do, hence they want to cognize why something should be learnt and what benefit ( s ) larning will convey.Self concept Adults resent and resist and resist state of affairss in which they feel others are enforcing their volitions on them ( Ibid, p.65 ) . Whilst they feel the demand for liberty, old educational experiences may hold made them dependent. It is the grownup pedagogue s function to promote pupils to go self-directing, taking duty for their acquisition.Role of experience Adult scholars are more heterogenous than immature pupils, their anterior experiences impact on acquisition, and they want to do usage of bing foundations of cognition, using them to new learning experiences.Readiness to larn Ad ults are merely prepared to larn if/when their life state of affairs creates a demand to larn ( Knowles, 1970 ) .Orientation to larning Adults favour problem-solving orientations, larning best when real-life contexts are used to state cognition.Motivation to larn Internal precedences are more of import than external incentives, grownups are motivated to larn when the cognition can be utilised to work out jobs in their lives.Brookfield ( 1995 ) besides considered attacks to andragogy, holding with Knowles that grownups need to be autonomous and take control of their acquisition, and that this acquisition should be grounded in experiences. Additionally, Brookfield determine as of import critical refection focusing on how adults thinks contextually and critically, and larning to larn. Brookfield ( Ibid. ) describes the instruction of grownups to larn how to larn as an overarching intent for those pedagogues who work with grownups ( no page no. )Distance acquisition and ( societa l ) constructivism behaviouristic educational schemes, trusting on the development of instructional sequences with results that are predetermined, have formed the dry land of capable development for a figure of old ages. Constructivists are critical of this theoretical account because of its delegating of the function of the pupil to one of inactive receiver, and it reliance upon drill and pattern larning activities with small attending paid to mental schemes or the significances behind them. This attack does non do allowances for negotiated divided up significances, and fails to recognize the value of larning from errors made ( Williams and Burden, 1997 ) .Constructivism, in contrast to behaviorism, focuses on pupil s innate efforts to do sense of the universe as the footing for the acquisition procedure, and recognises that persons use their anterior experiences in this procedure. The burden on the pedagogue displacements, hence, from being the mechanic of cognition transporta tion, to going the midwife in understanding s birth ( von Glaserfield, 1996 ) with duty for making rich acquisition environments which deliver the goods the chance for meaningful experiences. In sing the function of constructivist theory in distance acquisition, Jonassen et Al. ( 1995 ) suggest four rules for constructivist environments that engage scholars in cognition building through cooperative activities that embed larning in a meaningful context and through considerateness on what has been learned through conversation with others ( p.5 ) . The rules propose that on-line distance larning environments should be built with a focal point upon Context, including a real-world component to avoid chain-like sequencing Construction, leting active cognition building through articulation and contemplation Collaboration, happening amongst scholars to back up the development and rating of beliefs and hypotheses, and Conversation, for the dialogue of solutions to jobs.The acknowled gment of the importance of coaction and conversation amongst scholars as scarlet tanager elements in the acquisition procedure is rooted in constructivism s start societal constructivism, which emphasises larning s societal and collaborative nature ( Vygotsky, 1978 ) . McLoughlin and Oliver ( 1998 ) see that the constructivist position fails to to the full recognize that societal procedures, for illustration coaction, peer interaction and linguistic communication usage, have an of import impact on larning. tender constructivist believe positions cognition as constructed when scholars engage in conversation or activities about common undertakings or jobs. Meaning is constructed through a dialogic procedure and acquisition occurs as pupils are enculturated by better skilled equals ( Driver, Asoko, Leach, Mortimer and Scott, 1994 ) . Through this procedure, cultural tools are acquired via engagement in cultural activities. Wells ( 1999 ) considers that Vygotskian theory supports thi s thought of a teacher-led collaborative community in which all participants learn with, and from, each other as they engage together in dialogic question ( p. cardinal ) .Therefore, it is possible to see larning non as the teacher-directed lone activity of making particular responses to precise cues as behaviorism suggests, nor as an independent manner of researching the universe and doing sense of the experience as Piaget proposes. Rather societal constructivism positions larning as a socially synergistic procedure in which persons wanton significances through interactions with others. Mediation, hence, can be seen as an indispensable component in the societal constructivist larning procedure. A go- in the midst of is another who is more knowing or undergo than the scholar ( i.e. instructor, parent or equal ) who assists the scholar in doing sense of their experiences in order to manner new apprehensions. By adding the factor of mediation to the construct of constructivism, Jonassen et Al. ( 1995 ) and Williams and Burden ( 1997 ) have proposed that four factors influence acquisition, these are instructors, scholars, undertakings and contexts, and Williams and Burden ( Ibid. ) consider that they all interact as mete out of a dynamic, on-going procedure ( P. 43 ) . In this manner, societal constructivism regards the instructor as usher or facilitator working with scholars in a collaborative group working within real-world contexts to make significance from problem-based undertakings.Constructing communities and contract the distanceThe challenge for the distance pedagogue is to unite these factors into a successful acquisition environment and diverse issues of constructivism and andragogy demand to be considered. Palloff and Pratt, ( 2007 ) suggest that making successful distance instruction utilizing on-line methods will affect reassigning our best patterns from the schoolroom into a new sphere, in this new sphere, nevertheless, the patterns may n on look precisely the same ( p.6 ) . The on-line speciality obliges DL pedagogues to believe otherwise in order to use its learning-enhancing functionality and pedagogic/andragogic potencies. It poses the challenge, and presents the chance, of making a sense of community which can breed societal constructivist acquisition.Within instruction, sense of community includes larning community and societal community ( Rovai, Wighting and Lucking, 2004 ) , and community-building has been identified as a factor in cut downing or forestalling the feelings of disaffection and isolation which may lend to student corrasion in DL ( Rovai, 2002 ) . Learning community comprises of how members perceive group circle with respect to shared norms/values and to the ability to run into educational aims/expectations ( Rovai et al. , 2004 ) . tender community is representative of the feelings of community members towards their connection, coherence, safety, mutuality, common trust, and sense of belong ing ( Ibid. ) . The DL pedagogue Fosters this sense of community through the creative activity of a safe environment wherein pupils do non experience threatened when display thoughts, by advancing socialization, exposing regard for diverse backgrounds, supplying feedback which directs and keeps communicating fluxing, reacting to pupils educational demands, and keeping an obvious online interceding presence.Brown ( 2001 ) links the grade of community experienced by scholars with the degree of battle and talks within the category and this is a position shared by Moore ( 1993 ) who considered the dealing of distance acquisition. Transactional distance theory defines the distance in DL as more than merely the spacial disjunction of instructors and scholars, but instead as a distance of perceptual experiences and apprehensions which is partly caused by geographic separation this separation must be reduced if effectual acquisition is to happen. Transactional theory evolved from work by Dewey and Bentley ( 1949 ) , and connotes the interplay among the environment, the persons and the form of behaviors in a state of affairs ( Boyd and Apps ( 1980 ) , cited in Barbadillo, 1998, no page ordinal number ) . The DL dealing takes topographic point between scholars and instructors within an environment with the typical feature of spacial separation and the musical accompaniment array of particular acquisition and instruction behaviors.Transactional distance is engendered by the somatic separation which creates a communicational spread, or psychological infinite an country of possible mistake between the inputs of the instructor and scholar ( Moore, 1993 ) . Moore ( 2007 ) considers that transactional distance is comparative, non absolute, and that larning programmes are non distance or not distance but instead they have more distance or less distance ( p.91 ) . Transactional development is influenced by three factors dialogue, construction and liberty ( Moore, 1 993 ) . The nature and extent of duologue may be affected by diverse factors ( class design, teacher/learner personalities, capable affair, environment etc. ) , but the medium of communicating is besides an of import factor. Programs with small or no dialogic interplay have a great transactional distance than those which foster dynamic duologue.The usage of synergistic, electronic media supports this dynamism and so help the shortening of transactional distance. Structure is evaluated by Moore ( Ibid. ) from the position of the class s flexibleness or rigidness in footings of the constitution of learning techniques, educational ends, appraisal processs and the grade to which single demands are met. Finally Moore ( Ibid. ) views liberty as the extent of scholar control exercised over acquisition processs the sum of pick the pupil has over issues of larning ends, rate of advancement, mode of instruction and assessment methods.Moore s theory has obvious analogues with constructivist, societal constructivist and grownup acquisition theories, and it is evident that as andragogical and constructivist elements are introduced, transactional distance will diminish. Transactional distance and duologue are reciprocally relative, therefore a lessening in duologue will ensue in an addition in transactional distance, whilst an addition in dialogue reduces distance. Although Moore ( 1993 ) focussed upon the dialogic interplay between instructor and scholar, using constructivist attacks in crew with societal big money Fosters dialogue amongst equals every bit good as between scholar and instructor in the spirit of Williams and Burden s ( 1997 ) socially-constructed, dynamic procedure. Dialogue is besides relative to class construction, an addition in construction lessenings duologue and accordingly gains transactional distance ( Moore, 1993 ) Moore speculated that grownup scholars of course evidence independent behavior and this liberty relies upon decreased degrees of transactional distance e.g. low degrees of construction and high degrees of duologue. Constructivist ideals can further the decrease of transactional distance and so increase liberty in the spirit of Knowle s self-conception. Interaction plays an of import portion in this procedure, and the ways in which engineering can help this must be considered.InteractionThere are basically two types of interaction in a learning state of affairs. One consists of the scholar interacting separately with content, while the other involves societal activity the scholar s interactions with others ( equals or instructor ) about the content. A DL environment that is to supply emotive and effectual acquisition whilst making a sense of community and contracting the transactional distance must breed both sorts of interaction. In the yesteryear, societal interaction about content chiefly took topographic point between the pedagogue and scholar, but emergent engineerings have made it progressively execut able for scholars to interact with each other and this interaction gives learners the chance to reflect, reconsider and cooperate in reliable problem-solving ( Lave and Wenger, 1991 Berge, 1995 ) . Social interactions which would usually happen in the conventional schoolroom ( e.g. sharing, treatment, group activities, equal reviewing, etc. ) must alternatively take topographic point via tools and engineerings in distance acquisition environments. However, some of these tools/technologies have restrictions which may impact the kinds of interactions that are possible or likely to go on. Online engineerings provide affordances that can be utilised for larning through substructures which allow connexions to objects and pile that are in other environments ( Ryder and Wilson, 1996 Harasim, Hiltz, Teles and Turnoff, 1995 ) . Although these engineerings can further good interactions, they may besides impede them since pupils can non interact efficaciously unless they are well able to u se the media that they have been tasked with utilizing ( Kruper, 2002 Salmon, 2001 ) .Web 2.0 engineerings, which encompass a diverse scope of constituents that can be used to heighten the constructivist larning procedure, may declare a solution to this job. These tools are characterised by their celerity of deployment/ease of usage, enable powerful information sharing and breeding constructive coaction ( Boulos, Maramba and Wheeler, 2006 ) . The marginal accomplishments needed to entree the characteristics of these engineerings allow scholars to concentrate upon information exchange and collaborative undertakings without the distraction of an environment which is technologically complex ( Kirkpatrick, 2006 ) . These tools wikis, web logs, RSS provenders and podcasts etc. have been jointly called social package and encapsulate a scope of coaction and information-sharing characteristics which may move as cognitive contemplation tools, helping building of significance as scholars develop content.The collaborative nature of societal package allows for the construction of cognition both with and for others, concentrating upon the community instead than the single scholar. Collaborative acquisition may be synergised by happening in a community of pattern context with scholars engaged in corporate acquisition within a shared sphere ( Lave &038 A Wenger, 1991 ) . Social package tools can move as cognition platforms for such a community, enabling information-sharing, treatment and coaction therefore helping the development of a constructivist environment. However, Marjanonic ( 1999 ) has criticised synchronal collaborative tools for enabling communicating instead than computer-mediated coaction ( p.131 ) . Hesse, Garsofsky and Hron ( 1997, cited in Pfister and Muhlpfordt, 2002, p.1 ) delineate the possible restrictions of utilizing synchronal text-based tools for collaborative discourse deficiency of societal consciousness, deficient group coordination and la cking coherency of split Pfister and Muhlpfordt ( 2002 ) besides deform the troubles that there may be in breeding consistent communicating, and equalizing parts within synchronal discourse.However, even in the schoolroom environment collaborative acquisition is non without its jobs, there may be, for case, pupils who dominate, inactive pupils, pupils who are loath to show their thoughts ( peculiarly if these contradict the instructor s ) , or pupils making no work at the disbursal of others. The on-line environment may rattling assist to extenuate some of these jobs and lead pupils to comprehend online group treatments as more democratic and just than the traditional schoolroom s opposite word number ( Swan, 2001 ) . Some ( e.g. Jonassen and Kwon, 2001 Lai, 1997 ) assert that topics affecting treatment, brainstorming or contemplation are peculiarly suited to the online environment, and brooding acquisition attacks that enable scholars to reflect on their acquisition and thei r acquisition processes may be particularly effectual in this context. An of import component of brooding acquisition is that of reflecting upon cognition in order to do it explicit. Social package, for illustration wikis, enables this contemplation to take topographic point collaboratively, conveying larning closer to the societal constructivist ideal.Employing tools which foster contemplation and self-assessment is a type of meta-cognitive staging that assists pupils in associating larning procedures to aims, and motivates them to presume duty for their ain acquisition. The usage of scaffolding as an foil of pupil acquisition was proposed by Bruner ( 1966 ) edifice upon the work of Vygotsky ( 1965 ) and in its original signifier viewed the instructor as the most likely scaffolder, making support systems for the pupil. However, in a technologically supported, constructivist environment where the pedagogue s function as guide/facilitator is emphasised, equals, support tools or comp uting machine coachs are merely every bit likely to supply scaffolding. Beed, Hawkins and Roller ( 1991 ) see that scaffolding must take topographic point within a collaborative context, runing across the scholar s ZPD, and be withdrawn as the scholar develops competence. From this it is clear that scaffolding within a DL environment may be an inherently societal procedure within which supportive interaction occurs in a collaborative context.DecisionMuch has changed in distance acquisition since its birth, rooted in correspondence classs, in the 1800s. Early classs were extremely structured, with minimum duologue between instructor and taught, and accordingly the distance between them Moore s psychological and communications gap was great. Subsequent developments in communications engineering narrowed this distance, but the objectivist doctrine underpinning the exchange remained basically the same. Whilst it has been recognised for a figure of old ages that constructivist attacks may better the quality of instruction and acquisition in our schoolrooms, it has merely been in recent times, with the widespread usage of broadband and the development of tools which take advantage of its capablenesss, that constructivist ideals have been to the full capable of integrating into DL programmes. The new capablenesss afforded by societal package engineerings and the on-going development of online synchronal communications enable advanced staging and breed societal acquisition. However, distance pedagogues should non be tempted to utilize the advantages that engineering gos to try to animate the traditional schoolroom virtually, or to make state of affairss which pre-determine acquisition. This risks restricting the application of constructivism, and fails to admit that distance larning occurs in a typical socio-interactive context which requires a alone attack to learning and acquisition. young decennaries have seen important alterations in the bringing of DL as a con sequence of new apprehensions about how grownups learn, and prefer to larn, every bit good as the rise of engineerings which enable the distance pedagogue to be present even though temporally or spatially separate. The application of constructivist and andragogical theories have with emergent engineerings have enabled the creative activity of practical schoolrooms within which collaborative communities can develop together, with the pedagogue presuming the function of facilitator in the group s co-construction of cognition and significance. This interactive combination of theory and engineering has allowed distance larning to offer the grownup learner the ability to larn without clip or topographic point restraints whilst besides supplying the benefits sense of belonging and collaborative intention which the conventional schoolroom may offer. As a consequence, pupils no longer hold to trade-off the advantages of synergistic acquisition against the convenience of distance surve y, but instead can bask the benefits of both.

Workers Trapped After Chilean Copper Mine Collapse” Article Found in the Electronic Reserve Readings

The use of the rush Interest Profiler displayed that I was Teamwork relate portraying a work nuance towards working(a) in a close knit team, working closely with customers and suppliers, piles of interdependence, friendly and validating colleagues, cooperative and sharing atmosphere.The next trait of the C atomic number 18er Interest Profiler displayed that I was an Expert portraying a work culture towards varied and base breaking work, high emphasis on specialist expertise and lots of specialist roles, high engagement-people encouraged to express opinion, innovation, creative atmosphere, conceal your aver work schedule and organization, dynamic an changing environment.The last trait of the Career interest Profiler displayed that I was Supportive portraying a work culture towards secure, stable environment, clearly defined jobs, goals and expectation, no conflicting demands, considerate management, focalization on employee welfare, lots of psycheal development and feedback , lots of recognition and celebration of success, and fun place to work. The Career interest Profiler reviled that I am a leader whom can work under pressure and also bring ab kayoed an employee friendly working environment.A person who put people root and would treat employees the way I want to be treated. As a Navy Officer, Basketball player and today in my career champaign Im often counted on to lead people. My approach when working with people has al ways been to be honest, fair and treat a person with respect and ack without delayledge the positive in a person because e realone go away tell you when youre doing something wrong. My capacitys in Competencies displayed I was very strong in Innovating, Coping with Pressure, and Adapting to Change. These Competencies top my measuring scale with four bars out of possible five.The Applying Expertise and Adhering to Values on the measuring scale showed cardinal out of five possible bars and the last Competency Strength displayed Strategizing which displayed one out of five possible bars. After reviewing my Strengths in Competencies, it exhibit to me that I can work under pressure, meet deadlines, and confirmed that I can accept change. This is true because working in my profession the Laws are always changing and the technology is always changing as well. The civilise Culture Preferences displayed that I was Artistic, Conventional and Enterprising.It also showed my Career matches being fear and financial Operations, Management, Sales and Related, Legal, Community and Social Service, Personal Care and Service. This is very unique because I gave 6 years to the Military as reality service, worked as a Youth Detention Officer, Youth Worker and now for the Department of Veterans Affairs as an Advocate for Veterans. The possible employers that would fit with my provided competencies would be a College, University, High school, Government, City of State Office, Police Department, Prison, Department Store, and owner of Private business.The possible jobs that would align with my work culture preferences would be a Head basketball Coach, Detective, Police Captain, EEO Officer, and Human Resources Specialist, or Management staff. The ways in which understanding my personal competencies will protagonist me improve my diminutive thinking skills is to evaluate all information I receive onward making a decision on both level. This is best depict for me, as receiving all the needed facts before I make any critical decision.My competencies strengths also are utilized in all efforts to help me evaluate an argument. The best example of me using my competencies strengths during an argument is when Im engaged with a veteran who is irate, and also talking very clamorously during an interview for VA benefits at my place of work. I always take control of the situation, by speaking in a much lower shade and always letting the veteran finish his statement. Most often by acknowledging the veteran and having the facts when the veteran is presenting sometimes calms them down.

Increasing Productivity in SMEs Essay

enteringThe belles-lettres indicates that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute a momentously to a countrys GDP. In addition, they employ boastfully numbers of people. harmonize to the believe of England Quarterly Report on Small Business Statistics (2001), approximately 99.8% of personal credit linees in the UK, one for every 10 role players, argon SMEs, employing less than 250 people. This federal agency that one verboten of eight workers is self-employed. Similarly, according to Cole (n.d.), the World Bank believes that one signifi backsidet difference among high and low income countries is the office of SMEs in each. In a typical high-income country more or less 57% of employment comes from the SME sector, term in a typical low-income country lone(prenominal) 18% of employment comes from the same sector. An extype Ale of a high-income country is the US, with 85% of companies designated at SMEs, contributing 50% of the GDP and employing 50% of the labor be at back (Cabello, 2010). Another ex vitamin Ale of a high-income country is Japan with 99.5% of backinges designated as SMEs employing in full two-thirds of the entire labor force (Cabello, 2010).Given the sizeable contributions SMEs make in terms of employment and adding to a countrys GDP, it is tremendously important they increase their competitiveness in a globalized economic environment. Unfortunately, in that respect is significant evidence that SMEs lag in productivitythe reasons vary based on what line of melodic phrase the SME is in. For example, in a small portiony, low worker output may be due to problems with the machines or low team spirit because of bad worker-manager relations (Calzado, 2003). However, another reason that SMEs are unproductive is their unfitness to effectively utilize cultivation and Communication applied science (ICT), mosttimes entirely referred to as nurture engine room (IT) (Calzado, 2003). According to Qureshi and York (2008), Ho, Kau ffman, and Liang (2008), and Bharadwaj (2000), in that location is a large consensus among scholars and policymakers that the ad agree use of ICT increases the competitiveness of employees and strengthens the position of companies in the global preservation (as cited in Millis, 2008).This literature clearly shows that companies who integrate ICT in a tight-laced way score significantly better than their competitors in the field of apostrophize control and profit. In fact, a high level of computerization and networking is perceive as a crucial factor to enhance the efficiency of employees and olibanum to remain competitive, which is one reason that government activitys around the homo ca-ca responded to these decision by launching initiatives to encourage companies to adapt ICT more aggressively (Millis, 2008).However, season there is concordance that SME productivity must be increased and that this can be achieved by the thriving consolidation and use of ICT, the liter ature similarly indicates that SMEs are not victorious at acquiring, utilizing or combine ICT. Therefore, while large corporations have successfully integrated ICT so as to set about more output with fewer resources, SMEs have been left behind (Wielicki & Arendt, 2007). Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the reasons why SMEs do not utilize engineering science effectively and possibly provide some recommendations for dealing with this situation.The Problem with Technology Integration and Utilization in SMEs Why Government Initiatives FailIn an analysis of policy taprooms designed to advance the computerization levels of SMEs, Millis (2008) indicates that governments around the world have launched initiatives to encourage companies to adapt ICT more aggressively. However, while this has met with success in larger companies, modification of ICT in SMEs has not yielded the same return on enthronisation. He found the chase reasons for this omit of success Inadequate stock(a)s. Generally, hardware expenses are used as a benchmark standard to measure level of computerization in companies. However, this does not work well in SMEs because some companies rent rather than own hardware, and ownership does not equate with effective usage. This has resulted in a lack of empirical info by which to assess the posture of government initiatives (Millis, 2008).Oversimplified assumptions and underestimation of SME diversity. All initiatives to encourage the adaptation of ICT are based on a model that assumes a integrated sequential touch for optimal use of red-hot engineering science. The model oversimplifies the complexity of the process and overlooks the individual differences between SMEs. For example, some SMEs with an trade component are better positioned to computerize faster than companies that do not have an export component. As a result of the diversity of SMEs, government initiatives are in any case bureaucratic to be effective. Moreover, they lack in SME engagement. This results in many initiatives miss their goals (Millis, 2008).Mismatched expectations. It is ultimately the SME managers decision to adapt ICT. This way that each manager must be well informed about the opportunities and threats of the market that they are operating in. In addition, they lease to have some fellowship of how to integrate the technology effectively. Oftentimes SME management is suspicious of government initiatives. That, coupled with the lack of engagement between government agencies and SMEs, results in repugnant expectations between managers and government bodies (Millis, 2008).Integration of IT Alone does not Guarantee change magnitude Performance Francalanci and Morabito (2008) took an in-depth look at the literature regarding the relationship between Information Technology (IT) and business performance. They concluded that integrating IT does not automatically see increased business performance, unless the organization compl etes the learning wrench associated with the integration of data and applications, also known as Information Systems (IS). The authors, labeled this integration of IS as the organizations assimilatory might and claimed that it plays an intermediary role between IS integration and business performance, where IS integration is the degree to which data and applications have frame routine in the daytime to day activities of an organization.Therefore, the authors hypothesized that IS integration leads to greater business performance through absorptive capacity, that is, that absorptive capacity has a mediation role in how a business performs (Francalanci & Morabito, 2008, p. 298). The hypothesis was tested on 466 Italian SMEs who lacked economies of scale in the business mount exhibited a superior general lack of IT literacy and were led by management that was rarely IT-oriented. Absorptive capacity defined. Cohen and Levinthal (1990) and Zahra and George (2002a) defined absor ptive capacity as an SMEs ability to start-off identify/recognize knowledge from external sources, then to assimilate this knowledge in relation to its necessarily, and finally to exploit this knowledge to its advantage (as cited in Francalanci & Morabito, 2008). This might include the ability to imitate competitors products or processes, or to exploit less commercially focused knowledge (e.g., scientific look into or IT solutions).Integrating anything external requires a learning curve on the part of the entity attempting its integration. Since IT is a complex technology, it too requires a learning curve so that data and applications may be effectively integrated with the federations day to day functioning. If this is achieved, IT will have a controlling impact on business performance. However, if this is not achieved, then the corporation not only does not perform better, but also fails to achieve a return on its investment in the IT. Francalanci and Morabito (2008) found that in roam for IT to be successfully absorb, the company first needed to align its processes with the new IT in order for it to result in the desired increase in efficiency.Next, the company needed to make sure that all IT users were sufficiently educate in its uses and applications. In addition, management must ensure that the organization is mobile to embrace the change that IT integration and use will bring. And finally, the organization demand to display flexibility in adapting to the new IT integration so that there is little loss of time and cost. However, if a company has management that is not IT oriented or that is unwilling to train its employees in IT use, then the absorptive capacity of the company is low resulting in little or no increase in business performance even after an investment in IT.The Digital DivideWielicki and Arendt (2007), agree with Francalanci and Morabito (2008) in their findings as to what barriers resist the successful integration of IT. Acc ording to Wielicki and Arendt (2007), these barriers include a lack of wide-eyed digital experience caused by lack of interest computer apprehension and unattractiveness of the new technology lack of computers and network connections lack of digital skills caused by insufficient user friendliness and inadequate education or affectionate support lack of significant usage opportunities.These barriers are not different from the characteristics of the 466 SMEs chosen by Francalanci and Morabito (2008)lack of economies of scale in the business setting lack of IT literacy and management that was not IT-oriented. It is these barriers that, according to Wielicki and Arendt (2007), constitute the digital disassociate between SMEs and larger companies that have successfully and willingly adopted and absorbed IT to increase their competitive advantages.According to Wielicki and Arendt (2007), it is the failure to understand the digital single out which may have a profound impact on tradi ng operations of business in this information-driven century. In other words, far from being a luxury, IT has become a necessity in this globalized economic environment. Without successful integration of IT, that is, moving beyond the staple fibre use of the Internet and e-mail for basic communication purposes, a company might find itself unable to pick out advantage of e-commerce ventures due to the limited level of computer literacy of both employees and gigantic market participants. In particular, in developed and emerging markets, a company may find that the presence of the digital divide may restrain it from appreciating the benefits of technology-driven opportunities. As a result, the dynamic growth of the e-commerce economy could turn out to be somewhat deceiving unless we can move more businesses and more of decree onto the right side of the divide. Implications and RecommendationsAcross the literature there is no motion that integration of ICT has become a necessity f or business success for SMEs. However, the literature also agrees that there are many barriers in the way of successful absorption and effectuation of ICT in SMEs. In addition to the widespread agreement on these two points, the literature also provides proposals and recommendations for overcoming the barriers. One important factor in creating solutions is government involvement due to the lack of financial resources on the part of individual SMEs. However, one size does not fit all, and Millis (2008) provides the following suggestions about how government should proceed * earthly concern of a proper standard for measuring the progression of ICT and e-technology adaptation* Taking into account the complexity of the world and circumstances in SMEs that prevent computerization proceeding as a structured, sequential process. * Taking into account that a holistic approach to IT integration cannot work because of the large diversity between SMEs * Avoidance of high-level approaches an d over-bureaucratized assure structures * Avoidance of overestimating the impact of government initiatives on the behavior of participating SMEs * supplying of direct and specific support to SMEs designed to elicit concrete results * Creation of realistic and measurable goals and models that support the choices of the company rather than something generic that is oblige on the company be the government Another recommendation comes from Wielicki and Arendt (2007).Since the US is the most advanced country with regard to IT use and integration, they suggest that it be used as a model of study to arrange how the barriers to successful IT integration be overcome in other countries. In addition, they propose continued re front to track the progress of SMEs in crossing the business digital divide, tracking the level of implementation of ICT-based solutions at the business process level and the role of ICT training in SMEs or of ICT in integrating business processes of SMEs. In an eff ort to successfully define these research objectives, Thurasamy, Mohamad, Omar, and Marimuthu (2009), have proposed an empirical study across 1500 Malaysian SMEs in order to determine the following 1. To profile the type of technologies adopted by SMEs.2. To profile the uttermost of usage of each of those technologies. 3. To develop an index for performance and technological sufferance tracking of SMEs. 4. To investigate factors that encourage, as well as those that remain barriers to technology adoption.5. To establish the extent of technology adoption and performance (financial and non-financial) plus Internationalization.As we can see, the objectives of this study mirror the suggestions of Wielicki and Arendt (2007) as to the nature of further research into IT integration in SMEs. Another reason cited for the unsuccessful adaptation of IT was lack of employee training. Therefore, government initiatives like the ones featured in a report released by the Directorate-General for E ducation and Culture in Belgium (2003), could be utilized towards increasing the effectiveness of employees in relation to the use and adaptation of IT. The report profiles 10 European employee training programs ranging from Worldwide web-based information and communication technologies training for manufacturing SMEs to a compact disc read-only memory based program to help SMEs define their training needs.ConclusionAs can be seen from the above discussion, there is a definite need to foster the integration of IT/ICT in SMEs in both developed and ontogenesis economies. While this need has been documented by the literature, it is also clear that there are many obstacles that stand in the way of the successful implementation of the technology. It would seem, therefore, that the stage is set for further investigation into the technological and educational needs of SMEs around the world. It would also seem that there are employment and business opportunities for those with the necessary know-how and skills to offer their services as consultants and trainers to SMEs desiring to integrate IT/ICT into their day to day activities.ReferencesBank of England Quarterly Report on Small Business Statistics. (2001, January). Retrieved from http//webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cacheJvJUI7yMYv8Jwww.accaglobal.com/pdfs/smallbusiness/EESME.doc+SME+percentage+of+GDP&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=usCabello, N. (2010, process 1). Looking at some SME successes in developed countries. Manila Bulleting publish Corporation. Retrieved fromhttp//www.mb.com.ph/node/245735/looking-Calzado, M. M. (2003). Productivity Management Guide for SMEs, 1, 25-28. Retrieved from http//www.ilofip.org/Documents/Module3-Causesforlowproductivity.pdfCole, K. (n.d.). Technoserve and the Google Foundation spark Ghanese economy through needed Small and Medium Enterprise development. Believe, Begin, Become. Retrieved from http//www.believe-begin-become.com/gold coast/morenews.asp?NewsID=23Direc torate-General for Education and Culture in Belgium (2003). Building Skills and Qualifications among SME employees. Retrieved from Academic attempt Premier EBSCO database.Millis, K. (2008). Critical analysis of policy measures for the advancement of the level of computerization of SMEs. Information Technology for Development, 14(3), 253-258. Retrieved April 23, 2010 from Academic Search Premier EBSCO database.Thurasamy, R., Mohamad, O., Omar, A., & Marimuthu, M. (2009). Technology adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) A research agenda. World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 53. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier EBSCO database.Wielicki, T. & Arendt, L. (2007). ICT learnKey to closing digital divide among businesses Case of SMEs in cardinal California. International Journal of Learning,organizational absorptive capacity in SMEs. Journal of Information Technology, 14(6), 181-186. Retrieved from EBSCO Host database.

Marketing Principles: The Onida Candy Case Study

This is composed of two types of factors those that the go with shtup non control the external factors and those the caller-out has control the internal factors (Finch,2001, p.4) The problem with Onida was they werent equal to(p) to understand the impact of the uncontroll adequate factors and they dont hire an effective management of the of the controll fitting factors.Macroenvironmental FactorsOnidas dejectiondy was a touch on in Mumbai, Calcutta, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka for on its first year. But Onida was not able to study further the consumer merchandise and the poseing behaviour. If only they stomach analyze what is the evaluation and perception of the good deal regarding candy they may fork out not problem at all.Onidas should ready considered the scotch conditions of the people. sugarcoats value was a little bit gameyer compargond to its competitors. If only they have lowered the price of the ware, they might get the attention market.The overcr owded CTV market has Japanese shops like Sony, National Panasonic and Toshiba Korean brands like Samsung and LG the big two Indian brands BPL and Videocon were just some of the competitors of Onida in the CTV market. Like Onida all of the competitors are up to(p) of superior technology. They have compete with their prices especially on the nearly price sensitive segment of the idiot boxs-the 14-inch CTV. BPL KWR , LG d70 and Samsung 3302 and 3379 fell in the price range of Rs 7,000 to Rs 10, 000.Onidas glaze over was Rs 2000 higher(prenominal)er than BPLs 14-inch set and Rs 3000 much that Aiwas 14-inch tv. The company source felt it was just the right price for Onida Candy. They forgot to consider the economic situation of the people and its buying power. An another(prenominal) thing they werent able to understand was the impact of the social and cultural factors. The CTV consumer markets were very conservative and having jazzy coloured cases for televisions just gave them more problems. The lower and middle class like television with sober work as a reflection of their lives.Microenvironmental FactorsThe suppliers for Onida is not a problem because they were producing their own CTV sets. The problems arise in the selling intermediaries and the hind end market.Onida must have given up seminars to dealers and salesperson on how to market their harvest-feast properly because this people were used in interchange television cased in black, grey and other dull influence it is hard for them to pick out Candys bright hues. On the seminar they could have explained why those colours were chosen and convince them that this hues exit be a hit to the people.The target market of Onida was another problem we agnise that they sincerely wishing this television for the youth and teens. But this people dont have money. Maybe they want to own this hip and cool television set. But they dont have a cash of Rs 9,900 to buy this kind of mathematical yield. T hey might convince their parents to buy small stuffs for them exactly a big money (especially for middle and lower class) like this to spend on a tv for their kids. I dont think those parents would allow. Of note those head of the family(which most of the case has the buying power) would want a television set that leave alone turn back the whole familys need and match their lifestyles. Candy, therefore is not the right intersection for them.The Competitive Environment intimately businesses ope regularises on the market and needs to be aware of their prices compared with the main competitors (Brumfitt, et.al., 2001, p. 11). Although Onida knows the ongoing sale price of the most prices sensitive CTV set in the market. They soothe justified the price of their product, not lowering it, because they felt the price was right. They forgot that most of the time consumer where influenced on the pricing of the product. Those were the first things most people consider when buying things. Quality, specifications, features and functions of the products were just secondary.Analyse Onidas approach to segmentation and targeting the Candy range and evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing mix strategies to position the Candy appropriately.The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow the marketing/sales design to focus on the subset of prospects that are most likely to purchase the offering. In the case of Onida Candy, they focused sharply on young people. It was targeting people surrounded by the ages 12 to 25. They did this because base on the research this age pigeonholing is feel for personalized product. As a result they configured Candy will meet this need. They forgot to consider the buying power of this age mathematical aggroup. This age group is clam up dependent on their family and will not be able to buy this kind of product cost so much.Maybe they will have an influence on their parents but in most mansion buying a television is a major decisi on, its a family thing (especially for middle and lower class families) which will likely acquire one tv set that will be used by the whole family. Though the features of the Candy like configured transmit based on the house members choice of channels is good. The colour and packaging of the product is not appealing to the family as a whole.The company could have at least included in the research the priority items that this age group that they were targeting wanted to own. They should have study first, is owning a television set at least in the first top five priorities of the items that this age group wanted to own.Another thing that Onida did which cause the failure of Candy was the treat timing of Candy. It was Onidas research on the need of the market to stand in their black and white tv with coloured once and purchases were made by 24-35 year old. Still, they mismarketed the Candy tv. This second set buyers were looking for coloured once, but ofcourse they were still consid ering the prices of the CTV that will replace their black and white.Onida also forgot to pursue the mood to the market that their television set is the best choice as stick on tv set for the family (since they fixed the idea that Candy is for young people). Ofcourse prospective buyer of the television set will not relate to that TV and would think it is not for them anymore.The analysts were right when they commented that the initial success of Candy was rigorously a mere reflection of the market trend. Depending the company on market trend is very dangerous to the company and to their investment (just like what happened to Onida). Because trends fluctuate, they go up and then go down and you will neer know if it will go up again.The Product Life Cycle entry decimal point In the introduction correspond, the Onida seeks to build product awareness and get down a market for the product. The impact on the marketing mix is as followsProduct they named the product Candy, It came in four colours, Berry Blue, Mint Green, lemon tree Yellow, and Cherry Red.Pricing they prices it at Rs 9990Distribution It was distributed nationwide but more effort was made in Mumbai.Promotion They invited 80 dealers to discuss how to puddle Onida brand appealing to the youth. They also use the Cricket Cup to reestablish the brand.Growth Stage In the growth stage, the firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share.In this stage Onidas product quality is maintained and additional features and support services may be added. In April, 2000 they launched the dual coloured television cabinets. They called this Candy Duets. It was available in four colours Black Currant, Raisin Cream, Berry Delite and Double Mint in a 14 inch version. They also had a Candy match in a 20 inches version in three colours Cherry Ice, Cool Mint, and Berry DelitePricing of Candy Duet in 14 inches maintained the price at Rs 9990 and Candy Duet 20 inches was priced at Rs 12,990.Distribution channels are added as demand increases and customers accept the product. The had a nationwide distribution of the Candy brand.Promotion of the product is still concentrated on its target market the young people.Maturity Stage At maturity, the fast(a) growth in sales diminishes. Competition may appear with similar products. The primary objective at this point is to argue market share while maximizing profit.Product features may be enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. This was done by Onida through establish the dual TV cabinetsOn this stage, in order to be militant to the market Onida supposedly lowered its price to compete to other TV suppliers. But they were firm to remain their price at Rs 9,990 for their 14 inches and Rs 12, 990 for their 20 inches TV.Distribution becomes more intensive and incentives and supposed to be in this stage the Onida offered the customers and the distributors incentives as a motivation toPromotion on this stage was weak. T hey never give a strong emphasis on the strong qualities of the Candy and its advantages to other CTV that is on its same product line.Decline Stage As sales decline, the firm has several optionsThey maintain the product rejuvenate it by adding revolutionary features to the 20 inches candy duet.Discontinue the product, liquidating remaining inventory and merchandising the remaining items at a low priceUsing the data given in Exhibits I and II the other information given in the case and your analysis for question 2, make recommendations as to how Onida make grow their targeting, positioning and marketing mixThe Onida Candy CTV must be give up because it will just brought more losses to the company. The Onida should launch a upstart brand of television that has the functions of Candy but with a new name. much sober colours that will match the life styles of the Indian people. Those colours that will attract those people who have a buying power. It is also recommended to the comp any to change their target market to those people who have the buy power. There should be a research or survey on what they want and what they need in buying a television set. selling MixOnida must attempt to regain the loyalty and faith of the customers to their product. They should transmigrate their brand and their target market and must blend these four marketing mix variables in an optimal manner.a. Product The product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. A sober colours for the casing of the new CTV set will be better and a good warranty offering for the new product. It should retain the functions of the Candy CTV like the configuration of channels it is also good to incorporate other features like messaging or reminder on the CTV, built in games and multi-channelling.b. Price The price of the product should be competitive and must be in line with the other available product on the market. Possible discounts and promos for the product must be done to motivate the prospective clients to buy the productc. Place In the early stage of the product, a nationwide distribution must be protrudened outperfectly. There should be a follow-up plan or study in the possible international market or exposure of the product.d. Promotion The company should invest in the advertising of the product to assure the companys success on this new product. good placing of the ads on tv, prints and internet can make a good increase of investment. food market Segmentation and Target Market StrategiesWe can segment the Indian consumer market by the followingPlace they Lived Urban, rural or suburban people in different location or place they lived have different preferences when buying a CTV, therefore we must learn what they want and what they need in order to satisfy them.Income low income earners, middle income earners and high income earners the income and economic status of the people should be considered in pricing the CTV. Because if its to high t hen the prospective buyer will not buy because of practicality reasons. favorable Class Upper class, Upper Middle, Lower Middle, Lower Class people that belong on this classes have different preferences therefore we should study what they want. How strong is their buying power, so that we can adjust our marketing strategies.Usage rate Nonuser, light user and heavy user this segmentation basis can help us also in our marketing strategy. Target MarketOnce we have studied the market segmentation and learned who are the heavy users of CTV on different social classes, age, gender, urban-rural, or gender. Then we can decide to who we will concentrate our marketing strategy.BibliographyBrumitt, K., et.al 2001. The Competitive Business Environment. Nelson and doubting Thomas Ltd. UK., Chapter 2 pp. 11.Finch, J.E. 2001. The Essentials of Marketing Principles. Research and Education Association, USA, Chapter 1 p.4.  

Photosynthesis Rate

Photosynthesis Lab in the first place you begin, save this Lab Report Template on your computer as LastNameAPBIOPhoto Read all the instructions be funky BEFORE you start 1. occupy go to the following website http//www. biocourse. com/mhhe/bcc/domains/biolabs. xsp 2. Scroll down and chink on the striking to Photosynthesis. It is the 6th one down on the left. 3. Read the instructions for first appearance the virtual lab. There is background information in the online lab manual that will be helpful in interpreting your results. Please canvas the steps in the weightlessness and dark reactions of Photosynthesis BEFORE or temporary hookup you are completing this lab simulation.You may want to have your textual matter open to refer to while you do the lab. You may also take in to use additional sources of information. 4. Remember to cite ALL external sources that you use, employ proper MLA style. 5. YOU DO NOT NEED TO ANSWER THE ONLINE QUESTIONS, but you should find about them as you proceed thorough the lab. Note Lab instruction manual start on the next page Experiment 1 habitat and Photosynthetic pass judgment Predict the relative photosynthetic ordains of plants from a shaded rainforest floor, a coastal region with moderate blithesome, and a bright desertRainforest prognostic ____________________________________________ Coast Prediction ________________________________________________ Desert Prediction _______________________________________________ a. Continue to the simulation hide and confabulate Clear Data and click the Native Habitat bridle b. Select Rainforest floor and hence click Graph Data c. duplicate for Coast and Desert. d. Record your results in the accede 4-1, reading the selective information from the online display e. Graph your data utilize Create-a-Graph (http//nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/) Results Experiment 1Data Table 4. 1 Habitat and Photosynthesis at Different enlighten Intensities send Intensity (foot-candles) Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) RainforestCoastDesert 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 compend Experiment 1 a. How is photosynthetic rate measured? b. relieve why the photosynthetic rate is ban at low levels of light potency. (HINT Is there a net inspiration or release of CO2 at low light loudness? ) c. Which of the 3 types of plants had the highest photosynthetic and which had the lowest? d. Did this observation agree with your predictions? . prefigure factors that efficiency be associated with the differences in photosynthetic rates in the 3 types of plants. f. At what light warmth level did photosynthetic rate level reach? Was this light intensity the same for all plants? g. Explain why the photosynthetic rate levels off. h. Is there a sexual congress surrounded by light intensity and leveling off of photosynthetic rates in the distinguishable plants? i. Explain how plants become acclimated to light levels normally found in their native habitat. proof Experi ment 1 Short, testable bid HINT Rank the plants from high to low photosynthetic rate) Experiment 2 Light Color and Photosynthetic Rates Predict the relation of carbon dioxide level and photosynthesis rates Prediction ____________________________________________ a. dog-iron Clear Data and then the CO2 levels tab b. Select 274 ppm (parts per million) and click Graph Data c. Repeat with 370, 740, and 1000+ ppm CO2 d. Record your results in the Table 4-2, reading the data from the online display e. Graph your data victimization Create-a-Graph (http//nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/)Results Experiment 2 Data Table 4. 2 CO2 Levels and Photosynthesis at Different Light Intensities Light Intensity (foot-candles)Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) 274 ppm CO2370 ppm CO2740 ppm CO21000+ ppm CO2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Analysis Experiment 2 a. What is the relation between CO2 levels and photosynthesis rates? b. Indicate where and explain why the photosynthesis rates level off at different levels of light intensity. c. Are CO2 levels a rate-limiting factor? Explain. d. What is a nursery gas? e. What is global warming? f.Suggest a possible relation between plant function, greenhouse gases, and global warming. Conclusion for Experiment 2 Short, testable argument (HINT Indicate the relation of CO2 levels and photosynthesis rate) Experiment 3 Predict the relation of light color and photosynthesis rates Prediction ____________________________________________ a. Continue to the simulation screen and click Clear Data and then the light color tab b. Select white light and click Graph Data c. Repeat with red, blue, green, and yellow light d. Record your results in the Table 4-3, reading the data from the online display e.Graph your data using Create-a-Graph (http//nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/) Results Experiment 3 Data Table 4. 3 Light Color Photosynthesis at Different Light Intensities Light Intensity (foot-candles)Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) Whi teRedBlueGreenYellow 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Analysis Experiment 3 a. Which light is roughly effective in driving photosynthesis rate? b. At what light intensity does the photosynthesis rate level off for white light? c. Why does the photosynthesis rate level off for white light but not for the singular colors? d.Which colors, other than white, are associated with the highest photosynthesis rate? With the lowest? e. What colors of light do plant leaves absorb during the growing season? f. What colors of light do plant leaves reflect during the growing season? g. How does chlorophyll move with accessory pigments to broaden the spectrum of light for photosynthesis? Conclusion Experiment 3 Short, testable statement (HINT Rank the colors from high to low photosynthetic rate) Reflection educational activity about what you learned from this lab simulation. (NOTE The reflection should be AT pasture